Hours vs employment in response to demand shocks

The decline of paid overtime working in Britain

“…We would expect that both the incidence of overtime working and the average length of overtime hours were negatively impacted by the financial crisis. The aggregate reduction in labour input was more severe in respect of labour hours compared with employment (Hart, 2017). Employment fell by 2.3% peak‐to‐trough (2008 Q2–2010 Q1).…”

Public Procurement and Supplier Job Creation: Insights from Auctions

“…Given a steady market revenue, receiving an additional PPC represents an increase in public revenue and therefore firms' total revenue. Standard short-run product function logic suggests an increase in firms' output leads to an increase in labour inputs (Hart, 2017). 3 Theory has recently started to accumulate empirical support for a positive effect of PPC on employment (Ferraz et al, 2015;Gugler et al, 2020).…”

The supply, demand and characteristics of the AI workforce across OECD countries

“…confirms that it is primarily the increase in the intensity of AI within occupations that drives the growth in the AI workforce, and not changes in the occupation distribution (Annex Figure A.4). 23 In sum, across almost all occupations, firms are demanding more workers with AI skills.…”

“…Finland, the United Kingdom and Sweden have the highest shares of employment in the top 10 occupations, while Italy, Ireland and the Slovak Republic have the lowest (Figure 2.3). 23 The shift-share is defined to compose the change in the share of the AI workforce between time t and t+i: 𝐴𝑊(𝑙) 𝑐,𝑡+𝑖 − 𝐴𝑊(𝑙) 𝑐,𝑡 = ∑ (𝐴(𝑙) 𝑐,𝑡+𝑖,𝑜 [𝐸 𝑐,𝑡+𝑖,𝑜 − 𝐸 𝑐,𝑡,𝑜 ] + 𝐸 𝑐,𝑡,𝑜 [𝐴(𝑙) 𝑐,𝑡+𝑖,𝑜 − 𝐴(𝑙) 𝑐,𝑡,𝑜 ]) 𝑜 . The first term in the summation is the "between" contribution of changing occupational employment shares, and the second term is the "within" contribution of changing within-occupation demand for AI skills.…”