Household profile identification for behavioral demand response: A semi-supervised learning approach using smart meter data

Overview of Demand-Response Services: A Review

“…The inflexible load consisting of lamps, TV sets, and most kitchen appliances is difficult to transfer or regulate as it depends on user convenience and preferences [49].…”

“…Smart grids provide a two-way connection between consumers and operators, enabling the improvement of reliability and optimization of energy IoE for Smart Grids. Smart grids provide a two-way connection between consumers and operators, enabling the improvement of reliability and optimization of energy production, transmission, and distribution to: (i) reduce electricity costs, (ii) manage peak loads, and (iii) reduce electricity costs for RES generation fluctuations, which can disrupt energy systems [49]. An SG, on the other hand, enables a solution for energy production, supply, and storage, attaching data on the latest energy prices [1].…”

“…The current energy sector must transform into decentralized and distributed, and these facts indicate such a need [1]. Nevertheless, energy management in decentralized energy systems is complicated, especially in the case of the high penetration rate and speed of fluctuating RES and battery energy storage systems (BESS) [49].…”

“…In a deterministic or real-time policy, incentive-driven demand encourages consumers to allow power cuts in cases of power shortage or short-term system reliability issues. Consumers would also receive direct compensation or a reduced rate at other times [25,49]. Such programs are predominantly aimed at large industrial users [41].…”

“…In recent years, much attention has been given to a new type of DR referred to as the behavioral demand response (BRD). To promote customers to reduce electricity consumption, social and behavioral sciences must be engaged rather than economic signals [49].…”