How bacterial pathogens colonize their hosts and invade deeper tissues

Ribet, David; Cossart, Pascale

doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2015.01.004

Cited by 623 publications

(438 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…Extracellular interaction. Extracellular components mediate direct, physical contact between a bacterium and its environment, which potentially includes both host cells and other bacteria (15). In S. alvi, as for most Gram-negative bacteria, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the major constituent of the outer leaf of the outer membrane, and its synthesis from the carbohydrate products of gluconeogenesis, as well as its export (via the lpt gene products) were essential for cell viability under all conditions (Fig.…”

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

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Genome-wide screen identifies host colonization determinants in a bacterial gut symbiont

Powell

Leonard

Kwong

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

139

152

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Animal guts are often colonized by host-specialized bacterial species to the exclusion of other transient microorganisms, but the genetic basis of colonization ability is largely unknown. The bacterium Snodgrassella alvi is a dominant gut symbiont in honey bees, specialized in colonizing the hindgut epithelium. We developed methods for transposon-based mutagenesis in S. alvi and, using high-throughput DNA sequencing, screened genome-wide transposon insertion (Tnseq) and transcriptome (RNA-seq) libraries to characterize both the essential genome and the genes facilitating host colonization. Comparison of Tn-seq results from laboratory cultures and from monoinoculated worker bees reveal that 519 of 2,226 protein-coding genes in S. alvi are essential in culture, whereas 399 are not essential but are beneficial for gut colonization. Genes facilitating colonization fall into three broad functional categories: extracellular interactions, metabolism, and stress responses. Extracellular components with strong fitness benefits in vivo include trimeric autotransporter adhesins, O antigens, and type IV pili (T4P). Experiments with T4P mutants establish that T4P in S. alvi likely function in attachment and biofilm formation, with knockouts experiencing a competitive disadvantage in vivo. Metabolic processes promoting colonization include essential amino acid biosynthesis and iron acquisition pathways, implying nutrient scarcity within the hindgut environment. Mechanisms to deal with various stressors, such as for the repair of double-stranded DNA breaks and protein quality control, are also critical in vivo. This genome-wide study identifies numerous genetic networks underlying colonization by a gut commensal in its native host environment, including some known from more targeted studies in other hostmicrobe symbioses.type IV pilus | transposon mutagenesis | microbiota | symbiosis | Neisseriaceae

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Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Adhesion and biofilm formation are often important for host colonization (15). S. alvi grows in a distinct layer adjacent to the gut epithelium, suggesting adherence (12,13) (Fig.…”

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-wide screen identifies host colonization determinants in a bacterial gut symbiont

Powell

Leonard

Kwong

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

139

152

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), adherent-invasive E. coli (AIEC), diffusely adhering E. coli (DAEC), and Salmonella spp. mediate their pathogenesis via adhesion to and/or invasion of intestinal epithelial cells [2]. The chaperone-usher pathway (CUP) type I pilus adhesin, FimH, mediates adhesion to D-mannosyl residues of CEACAMs, including CEACAM-1, CEACAM-5 and CEACAM-6, and has been associated with EPEC and DAEC infections [78].…”

Section: Central Nervous Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Multiple studies have shown that efficient binding between bacterial adhesins and host epithelial/endothelial surfaces is a prerequisite for establishing successful colonization [2]. Therefore, the optimal presentation of host receptors for adhesion is critical for bacterial infection and subsequent disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal upregulation of host surface receptors provides a window of opportunity for bacterial adhesion and disease

Shukla

Walters

et al. 2017

Microbiology

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Host surface receptors provide bacteria with a foothold from which to attach, colonize and, in some cases, invade tissue and elicit human disease. In this review, we discuss several key host receptors and cognate adhesins that function in bacterial pathogenesis. In particular, we examine the elevated expression of host surface receptors such as CEACAM-1, CEACAM-6, ICAM-1 and PAFR in response to specific stimuli. We explore how upregulated receptors, in turn, expose the host to a range of bacterial infections in the respiratory tract. It is apparent that exploitation of receptor induction for bacterial adherence is not unique to one body system, but is also observed in the central nervous, gastrointestinal and urogenital systems. Prokaryotic pathogens which utilize this mechanism for their infectivity include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis and Escherichia coli. A number of approaches have been used, in both in vitro and in vivo experimental models, to inhibit bacterial attachment to temporally expressed host receptors. Some of these novel strategies may advance future targeted interventions for the prevention and treatment of bacterial disease.

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“…Dengan masuk ke dalam sel, patogen dapat menghindari interaksi dengan berbagai molekul sistem imun seperti komplemen, sitokin, dan antibodi serta dapat menghindari ancaman fagositosis oleh fagosit profesional seperti makrofag (Casadevall, 2008;Medzhitov, 2007;Ploegh, 1998). Namun, beberapa hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bakteri dan virus juga dapat masuk ke dalam sel target melalui proses fagositosis (Ribet & Cossart, 2015). Langkah pertama yang dilakukan patogen adalah menginfeksi sel tertentu lalu selanjutnya menginduksi apoptosis pada sel tersebut.…”

Section: Mengapa Patogen Ini Masuk Ke Dalam Sel?unclassified

Sensor Asam Nukleat Sebagai Aktivator Imunitas Intrinsik Terhadap Patogen Intraseluler

Usmar¹,

Arfiansyah²,

Nainu³

2017

JFG

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Vertebrata, termasuk manusia, dilengkapi dengan sistem imun alamiah dan sistem imun adaptif yang saling bekerjasama untuk melindungi tubuh dari material berbahaya, termasuk berbagai patogen dan sel-sel kanker. Kedua sistem imun tersebut secara rutin melakukan pengecekan terhadap beragam material yang ada di dalam tubuh. Salah satu cara yang digunakan oleh sistem imun dalam melaksanakan tugasnya adalah melalui pengaktifan sensor asam nukleat yang berfungsi untuk memberikan informasi keberadaan DNA atau RNA asing maupun kemungkinan adanya salinan DNA inang di sitoplasma atau lokasi lain yang tidak semestinya. Ketika genom patogen terdeteksi oleh sensor-sensor tersebut, selanjutnya efektor sistem imun akan diaktivasi melalui serangkaian proses dan berakhir dengan eradikasi asam nukleat target atau bahkan induksi apoptosis sel yang bersangkutan. Beberapa sensor asam nukleat yang telah ditemukan antara lain adalah Toll-like receptor (TLR), RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs), cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS), dan interferon-γ-inducible protein 16 (IFI16). Namun, sejumlah patogen telah memiliki mekanisme untuk menghindari sensor-sensor tersebut sehingga infeksi tetap dapat terjadi. Dengan demikian, berbagai penelitian untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan tentang bagaimana sensor asam nukleat bekerja sebagai salah satu respon imun intraseluler serta mekanisme terbentuknya resistensi patogen terhadap deteksi sensor tersebut sangat penting untuk didorong. Hal ini akan memberikan wawasan baru dalam pengembangan berbagai sediaan farmasi terkait seperti vaksin dan antimikroba intraseluler.

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How bacterial pathogens colonize their hosts and invade deeper tissues

Cited by 623 publications

References 101 publications

Genome-wide screen identifies host colonization determinants in a bacterial gut symbiont

Genome-wide screen identifies host colonization determinants in a bacterial gut symbiont

Temporal upregulation of host surface receptors provides a window of opportunity for bacterial adhesion and disease

Sensor Asam Nukleat Sebagai Aktivator Imunitas Intrinsik Terhadap Patogen Intraseluler

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