“…There is an inverse relationship between corruption and growth and development (Atuilik, 2013;Lambsdorff, 2005;Mauro, 1998;Papaconstantinou, Tsagkanos, & Siriopoulos, 2013;Rady, 2016;Tanzi, 1998). Corruption also contributes to reducing domestic and foreign investment, due to the higher costs of entry and the uncertainties of operating in a corrupt environment (Ahmadi & Homauni, 2011;Mauro, 1998;Myint, 2000).…”