How Carbon Source and Degree of Oligosaccharide Polymerization Affect Production of Cellulase-Degrading Enzymes by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici

Najjarzadeh, Nasim; Μάτσακας, Λεωνίδας; Christakopoulos, Paul

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.652655

Cited by 19 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Cellobiose and further cellulose-derived oligosaccharides are known to induce the production of cellulases in T. reesei and other filamentous fungi [ 97 – 99 ]. However, neither the dissolved sugars nor the suspended solids in the PW were found to be causative for the positive effects, and the minerals had only a small positive influence (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Press water from the mechanical drying of Douglas-fir wood chips has multiple beneficial effects on lignocellulolytic fungi

Reppke

Gerstner

Windeisen‐Holzhauser

et al. 2022

Fungal Biol Biotechnol

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Background The mechanical drying of wood chips is an innovative method that improves the heating value of sawmill by-products in an energy-efficient continuous process. The liquid that comes out of the wood chips as press water (PW), however, contains a variety of undissolved as well as dissolved organic substances. The disposal of the PW as wastewater would generate additional costs due to its high organic load, offsetting the benefits in energy costs associated with the enhanced heating value of the wood chips. Our research explored if the organic load in PW could be utilized as a substrate by cellulolytic filamentous fungi. Hence, using the industrially relevant Ascomycete Trichoderma reesei RUT-C30 as well as several Basidiomycete wood-rotting fungi, we examined the potential of press water obtained from Douglas-fir wood chips to be used in the growth and enzyme production media. Results The addition of PW supernatant to liquid cultures of T. reesei RUT-C30 resulted in a significant enhancement of the endoglucanase and endoxylanase activities with a substantially shortened lag-phase. A partial replacement of Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, as well as a complete replacement of Fe2+, Mn2+, Zn2+ by supplementing PW of the liquid media was achieved without negative effects on enzyme production. Concentrations of PW above 50% showed no adverse effects regarding the achievable endoglucanase activity but affected the endoxylanase activity to some extent. Exploring the enhancing potential of several individual PW components after chemical analysis revealed that the observed lag-phase reduction of T. reesei RUT-C30 was not caused by the dissolved sugars and ions, nor the wood particles in the PW sediment, suggesting that other, so far non-identified, compounds are responsible. However, also the growth rate of several basidiomycetes was significantly enhanced by the supplementation of raw PW to the agar medium. Moreover, their cultivation in liquid cultures reduced the turbidity of the PW substantially. Conclusions PW was identified as a suitable media supplement for lignocellulolytic fungi, including the cellulase and xylanase producer T. reesei RUT-C30 and several wood-degrading basidiomycetes. The possibility to replace several minerals, trace elements and an equal volume of fresh water in liquid media with PW and the ability of fungal mycelia to filter out the suspended solids is a promising way to combine biological wastewater treatment with value-adding biotechnological applications.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Press water from the mechanical drying of Douglas-fir wood chips has multiple beneficial effects on lignocellulolytic fungi

Reppke

Gerstner

Windeisen‐Holzhauser

et al. 2022

Fungal Biol Biotechnol

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show abstract

“…Cellobiose is known to induce the production of cellulases in T. reesei [93]. Furthermore, oligosaccharides derived from cellulose have a strong induction effect on the cellulase expression [94,95]. However, the addition of surplus cellobiose and other monosaccharides to the cultivation medium corresponding to the concentrations found in 25 % PW showed no signi cant effect by itself (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Growth-Promoting Effects of Press Water from the Mechanical Drying of Douglas-Fir Wood Chips on Lignocellulolytic Fungi

Reppke

Gerstner

Windeisen‐Holzhauser

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background:The mechanical drying of wood chips is an innovative method that improves the heating value of sawmill by-products in an energy-efficient continuous process. The liquid that comes out of the wood chips as press water (PW), however, contains a variety of undissolved as well as dissolved organic substances. The disposal of the PW as wastewater would generate additional costs due to its high organic load, offsetting the benefits in energy costs associated with the enhanced heating value of the wood chips. Our research explored if the organic load in PW could be utilized to boost the growth of cellulolytic filamentous fungi. Hence, using the industrially relevant Ascomycete Trichoderma reesei RUT-C30 as well as several Basidiomycete wood-rotting fungi, we examined the potential of press water obtained from Douglas-fir wood chips to be used in growth and enzyme production media. Results: The addition of PW supernatant to liquid cultures of T. reesei RUT-C30 resulted in a significant enhancement of the endoglucanase and endoxylanase activities with a substantially shortened lag-phase. Supplementation with PW allowed to replace several mineral ions (Fe2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+) from the liquid media without negative effects on the enzymatic activities. Concentrations of PW above 50% showed no adverse effects regarding the achievable endoglucanase activity but affected the endoxylanase activity to some extent. Exploring the growth-enhancing potential of several individual PW components after chemical analysis revealed that the observed lag-phase reduction of T. reesei RUT-C30 was not caused by the dissolved sugars and ions, nor the wood solids in the PW, suggesting that other, so far non-identified, compounds are responsible. However, also the growth rate of several basidiomycetes was significantly enhanced by the supplementation of PW to the agar medium. Moreover, their cultivation in liquid cultures reduced the turbidity of the PW substantially.Conclusions: PW was identified as a suitable media supplement for lignocellulolytic fungi, including the cellulase and xylanase producer T. reesei RUT-C30 and several wood-degrading basidiomycetes. The possibility to replace several minerals, trace elements and an equal volume of fresh water in liquid media with PW and the ability of fungal mycelia to filter out the suspended solids is a promising way to combine biological wastewater treatment with value-adding biotechnological applications.

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“…As Fusarium and Monographella are plant pathogens, their higher relative abundance in soils under MS relative to CM is unexpected. However, this may be explained by the higher relative abundance of Trichoderma in CM suppressing Fusarium in CM relative to MS at Site B. Fusarium is effective at enzymatic degradation of crop residues via production of cellulases (Najjarzadeh et al., 2021), and it follows that higher abundance of these taxa along with Tetracladium may accelerate residue decomposition, as the rate of crop residue decomposition is largely dependent upon the quantity and quality of the residues (Schmatz et al., 2017; Taylor et al., 1989). Though the quality of the residue is inverse to lignin content, it is largely associated with the nutritional value to the soil microbes and the following year's crop.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long‐term continuous maize: Impacts on the soil microbiome and implications for residue management

Sible,

Kent,

Margenot

et al. 2024

Soil Science Soc of Amer J

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Continuous maize (Zea mays L.) (CM) cropping has been proposed to increase soil organic carbon stocks through greater residue return to soils. These residues, however, can contribute to a yield decrease known as the continuous maize yield penalty (CMYP). The objectives of this research were to (1) evaluate the efficacy of residue management practices to mitigate the CMYP when compared to a maize–soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] (MS) rotation and (2) determine effects of long‐term rotation or residue sizing on soil microbial communities and carbon‐cycling enzyme activities. Two long‐term sites (17 and 19 years) with replicated blocks of CM and MS rotation were used. The yield response to management was similar at both sites, with an average CMYP of 2570 kg ha−1 with no residue management, while chopping the residue along with broadcast ammonium sulfate (AMS) reduced the CMYP by 728 kg ha−1 (28.3%). The CMYP was further reduced when a microbial blend was applied with AMS to the sized residues, reducing the CMYP by a total of 1303 kg ha−1 (50.7%). Soil bacterial communities differed by site but were unchanged by crop rotation or residue sizing. Soil fungal assemblage, particularly arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, was influenced by rotation and site. Sizing of residues resulted in higher soil cellobiohydrolase activity for CM, but not for MS. These findings indicate that the CMYP was not directly associated with the soil bacterial community, and that management to mitigate the CMYP may be aided by elevated levels of fungal diversity under CM.

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How Carbon Source and Degree of Oligosaccharide Polymerization Affect Production of Cellulase-Degrading Enzymes by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici

Cited by 19 publications

References 69 publications

Press water from the mechanical drying of Douglas-fir wood chips has multiple beneficial effects on lignocellulolytic fungi

Press water from the mechanical drying of Douglas-fir wood chips has multiple beneficial effects on lignocellulolytic fungi

Growth-Promoting Effects of Press Water from the Mechanical Drying of Douglas-Fir Wood Chips on Lignocellulolytic Fungi

Long‐term continuous maize: Impacts on the soil microbiome and implications for residue management

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