“…The application of DOE models is known to benefit a wide range of industries, such as Aviation (Yondo et al, 2018;Davis et al, 1996), Service (Antony et al, 2020;Setamanit, 2018), Chemical Engineering (Yoo, 2020;Durakovic & Torlak, 2017;Andersson et al, 1996), Engineering (Schlueter & Geyer, 2018), Environment (Okatia et al, 2016;Yang & Tsai, 1998), Food Technology (Yu et al, 2018;Chen, 1996), Manufacturing (Wesling & Emamjomeh, 1994), Materials (Paulo et al, 2017;Bucher & Loos, 1994), Medical (Yip et al, 2020;Mager, 1997), andMicrobiology (Puente-Massaguer et al, 2020). Within the field of engineering and science, DOE's applications are frequently visible in the materials sector (30 %), mechanical engineering (18%), chemical engineering (17 %), and the industrial sector (13 %).…”