How Do Combustion and Non-Combustion Products Used Outdoors Affect Outdoor and Indoor Particulate Matter Levels? A Field Evaluation Near the Entrance of an Italian University Library

Cammalleri, Vittoria; Marotta, Daniela; Protano, Carmela; Vitali, Matteo; Villari, Paolo; Cattaruzza, Maria Sofia

doi:10.3390/ijerph17145200

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Most of these studies have reported on IAQ levels before, during and after heated tobacco product use within an experimental indoor environment, with a single study reporting on IAQ levels during and after experimentally controlled heated tobacco product use within a non-operational nightclub which featured an external smoking area (Kaunelienė et al, 2019). Two additional studies reported on heated tobacco product use within different models of passenger car (Schober et al, 2019;Savdie et al, 2020) whilst a single study detailed the effects of heated tobacco product use on outdoor air quality (Cammalleri et al, 2020).…”

Section: Chemical Characterisation Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The product science of electrically heated tobacco products: a narrative review of the scientific literature

Malt

Thompson²,

Mason

et al. 2022

F1000Res

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Heated tobacco products represent a novel category of tobacco products in which a tobacco consumable is heated to a temperature that releases nicotine from the tobacco leaf but not to a temperature sufficient to cause combustion. Heated tobacco products may therefore have the potential to be a less harmful alternative for adult smokers that would otherwise continue to smoke conventional cigarettes. Given the rapid development of this product category, the aim of this review was to examine the available peer-reviewed scientific evidence related to heated tobacco products and highlight any research gaps. In recent years, manufacturers of heated tobacco products have published a number of studies on their respective heated tobacco products. Whilst there is limited research that is independent of commercial interests, the available scientific evidence indicates that heated tobacco products produce a much simpler aerosol than conventional cigarette smoke, with fewer and substantially lower levels of harmful toxicants. Toxicology assessments indicate these reductions in aerosol toxicants translate to reduced biological effects. Biomarker and clinical data from studies in which product use is controlled within a clinical setting, indicate changes in biomarker levels and clinical end-points similar to observations in cessation studies, indicating the potential for reduced harm. The scientific evidence also indicates that exposure of non-users to emissions from heated tobacco products in indoor environments is significantly reduced compared to exposure resulting from smoking conventional cigarettes. Overall, the available scientific evidence indicates that heated tobacco products hold promise as a less harmful alternative to conventional cigarettes, but more independent data is required to validate industry findings. As a growing product category, epidemiological studies and independent population modelling studies are outstanding, and empirical data on how dual tobacco product category use by consumers affects their risk profile is lacking.

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Section: Chemical Characterisation Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The product science of electrically heated tobacco products: a narrative review of the scientific literature

Malt

Thompson²,

Mason

et al. 2022

F1000Res

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“…In fact, the presence and continuation of these information sources are threatened by a variety of disaster variables, including both natural and human-caused disasters. The university library is one of the main places for lecturers and students to study, making it a public place synonymous with great danger (Cammalleri et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparedness of Rumah Ilmu Library in Facing Fire Disasters: Safety Education for Campus Society

Dewi,

Yasmin,

Hanan

et al. 2023

jse

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Due to its contents and amenities, Rumah Ilmu, a library building at Universitas Negeri Semarang, is vulnerable to fire disasters. The goal of this study is to analyse the safety aspects of Rumah Ilmu building. In this study, a qualitative methodology and a descriptive strategy were applied and a direct interview with the informants was conducted to collect the data needed. This study was carried out between February and March of 2023. Rumah Ilmu building has met all the government's standards with the fulfilment of 10 components (71.42%), However, 3 components (21.42%) consisting of fire extinguishers, evacuation directions, and assembly points have been implemented but have not met the standards, and 1 component (7.16%) has not been implemented at all, namely the main gate. Suggestions for the preparedness of the Rumah Ilmu in dealing with disasters include increasing the number of fire extinguishers, sprinklers, and rescue facilities, such as installing emergency lighting, adding an area for assembly points, checking periodically related to exit door locking, and arranging an evacuation plan. Additionally, disaster mitigation education should be provided through training, educational videos, and posters to staff and visitors.

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“…Therefore, in recent years, how to evacuate safely, effectively, and quickly has become a very hot research topic. As one of the important places for teachers and students to study, the university library is a typical public place with major hazards [ 2 ]. The scale of university libraries tends to expand continuously, the functions tend to be diversified, the collection of books is large, the fire load is large, and personnel are dense.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evacuation in Buildings Based on BIM: Taking a Fire in a University Library as an Example

Zheng

Zhang

Zhu

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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As a typical public place, a university library has a large collection of books with heavy fire load, dense population, and large flow of people. The situation of safe evacuation in case of fire is very serious. This study utilizes Revit, Pyrosim, and Pathfinder software to research evacuation of a university library. First, a Building Information Modeling (BIM) is constructed based on Revit software in 1:1 scale. Second, the evacuation passage with the highest utilization rate was determined through Pathfinder software. According to the “most unfavorable principle,” the location near it was assumed to be where the fire occurred. Pyrosim software was used to determine the smoke spread, visibility, CO concentration, temperature, and other conditions at each stairway exit in case of fire. Finally, the evacuation situation is compared with that after man-made route planning. The results indicate that evacuation exits 1#, 7#, 13#, 19#, and 23# have the highest utilization rate. The safe evacuation time was 739.275 s, which was shortened to 638.025 s after man-made route planning, a 13.67% increase in evacuation efficiency. Evacuation efficiency can be significantly improved by increasing broadcast guidelines, adding signs, widening staircases, and other optimization suggestions, which can provide reference for the study of evacuation effects in public places and the improvement of the layout of public facilities.

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How Do Combustion and Non-Combustion Products Used Outdoors Affect Outdoor and Indoor Particulate Matter Levels? A Field Evaluation Near the Entrance of an Italian University Library

Cited by 8 publications

References 38 publications

The product science of electrically heated tobacco products: a narrative review of the scientific literature

The product science of electrically heated tobacco products: a narrative review of the scientific literature

Preparedness of Rumah Ilmu Library in Facing Fire Disasters: Safety Education for Campus Society

Evacuation in Buildings Based on BIM: Taking a Fire in a University Library as an Example

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