How do journalists seek information from sources? A systematic review

Hertzum, Morten

doi:10.1016/j.ipm.2022.103087

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…In such cases, it is unlikely that experts are given predetermined amounts of airtime in a live, real-time show. Instead, the allocated airtime may depend more on their accessibility and the quality of the individual experts’ opinions [ 39 ]. For instance, the ability of experts to explain complicated information may increase allocated airtime.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expert Credibility and Sentiment in Infodemiology of Hydroxychloroquine’s Efficacy on Cable News Programs: Empirical Analysis

Yim¹,

Khuntia²,

King³

et al. 2023

JMIR Infodemiology

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Background Infodemic exacerbates public health concerns by disseminating unreliable and false scientific facts to a population. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the efficacy of hydroxychloroquine as a therapeutic solution emerged as a challenge to public health communication. Internet and social media spread information about hydroxychloroquine, whereas cable television was a vital source. To exemplify, experts discussed in cable television broadcasts about hydroxychloroquine for treating COVID-19. However, how the experts’ comments influenced airtime allocation on cable television to help in public health communication, either during COVID-10 or at other times, is not understood. Objective This study aimed to examine how 3 factors, that is, the credibility of experts as doctors (DOCTOREXPERT), the credibility of government representatives (GOVTEXPERT), and the sentiments (SENTIMENT) expressed in discussions and comments, influence the allocation of airtime (AIRTIME) in cable television broadcasts. SENTIMENT pertains to the information credibility conveyed through the tone and language of experts’ comments during cable television broadcasts, in contrast to the individual credibility of the doctor or government representatives because of the degree or affiliations. Methods We collected transcriptions of relevant hydroxychloroquine-related broadcasts on cable television between March 2020 and October 2020. We coded the experts as DOCTOREXPERT or GOVTEXPERT using publicly available data. To determine the sentiments expressed in the broadcasts, we used a machine learning algorithm to code them as POSITIVE, NEGATIVE, NEUTRAL, or MIXED sentiments. Results The analysis revealed a counterintuitive association between the expertise of doctors (DOCTOREXPERT) and the allocation of airtime, with doctor experts receiving less airtime (P<.001) than the nonexperts in a base model. A more nuanced interaction model suggested that government experts with a doctorate degree received even less airtime (P=.03) compared with nonexperts. Sentiments expressed during the broadcasts played a significant role in airtime allocation, particularly for their direct effects on airtime allocation, more so for NEGATIVE (P<.001), NEUTRAL (P<.001), and MIXED (P=.03) sentiments. Only government experts expressing POSITIVE sentiments during the broadcast received a more extended airtime (P<.001) than nonexperts. Furthermore, NEGATIVE sentiments in the broadcasts were associated with less airtime both for DOCTOREXPERT (P<.001) and GOVTEXPERT (P<.001). Conclusions Source credibility plays a crucial role in infodemics by ensuring the accuracy and trustworthiness of the information communicated to audiences. However, cable television media may prioritize likeability over credibility, potentially hindering this goal. Surprisingly, the findings of our study suggest that doctors did not get good airtime on hydroxychloroquine-related discussions on cable television. In contrast, government experts as sources received more airtime on hydroxychloroquine-related discussions. Doctors presenting facts with negative sentiments may not help them gain airtime. Conversely, government experts expressing positive sentiments during broadcasts may have better airtime than nonexperts. These findings have implications on the role of source credibility in public health communications.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expert Credibility and Sentiment in Infodemiology of Hydroxychloroquine’s Efficacy on Cable News Programs: Empirical Analysis

Yim¹,

Khuntia²,

King³

et al. 2023

JMIR Infodemiology

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“…It has been argued that disasters are hard to verify unless first responders and victims/affected people contribute to the disaster data [57]. This can be done by integrating different data sources.…”

Section: Multiple Data Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Geoinformatic Approaches to Insurance for Small-Scale Farmers in Colombia

Abd Rabuh,

Teeuw,

Oakey

et al. 2024

Preprint

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This article presents a low-cost insurance system developed for small-hold farms in disaster-prone regions, primarily using free Earth Observation (EO) data and Free Open Source Software (FOSS) – collectively termed sustainable geoinformatics - with a proprietary mobile phone app that enables verification. The study examined 30 farms in Risaralda department, Colombia. A Digital Elevation Model (12.5m pixels) from the ALOS PALSAR satellite sensor was used with a Geographical Information System (GIS) to map the terrain, drainage and geohazards of each farming district. Google Earth Engine (GEE) was used to carry out Time Series Analysis of 15 EO and weather datasets for 1998 to 2020. This analysis enabled the levels of risk from hydrometeorological hazards to be determined for each farm of the study, providing key data for the setting of insurance premiums. A parametric insurance product was piloted using GPS-tagged, time-stamped mobile phone photos to verify crop health. Key features of this insurance system are its low operational cost and rapid damage verification, relative to conventional approaches to farm insurance. It is an affordable form of insurance for small-scale farmers, with the rapid verification and payment of claims. This relatively fast, low-cost and affordable approach to insurance for small-scale farming enhances sustainable development by enabling policy-holder farmers to recover more quickly from disasters.

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“…Asiantuntijoiden käyttö mediassa on lisääntynyt jo pitkään (esim. Albaek, Christiansen ja Togeby 2003;Albaek 2011;Boyce 2006;Hertzum 2022), mutta pandemia toi tieteen päivittäisen uutisoinnin keskiöön ja teki asiantuntijoista tutkimustiedon tulkkeja. Toimittajien ja asiantuntijoiden yhteistyö muuttui siten aiempaa tiiviimmäksi ja suorastaan pakolliseksi.…”

Section: Asiantuntijoiden Ja Toimittajien Yhteistyö Kriisiaikanaunclassified

Konsensuksesta kiistoihin

Uutela,

Väliverronen

2023

m&v

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COVID-19-pandemia oli pitkäkestoinen mediatapahtuma, jossa asiantuntijoiden rooli tiedon lähteinä ja tulkitsijoina oli keskeinen. Perinteisesti asiantuntijoiden ja uutismedioiden välillä vallitsee hyvä yhteistyösuhde, sillä asiantuntijat tarjoavat uutismedialle sen kaipaamaa faktapohjaisuutta ja asiantuntijat näkevät julkisen kommentoinnin osana työnkuvaansa. Artikkelissa tutkimme haastatteluaineiston avulla asiantuntijoiden ja toimittajien käsityksiä keskinäisestä yhteistyöstään pandemian aikaan Suomessa. Havaitsimme yhteistyössä kaksi eri vaihetta. Ensimmäisessä maalis–huhtikuuhun 2020 ajoittuneessa vaiheessa, jota kutsumme kriisimoodiksi, asiantuntijat ja viranomaiset asettuivat viestinnällisesti samalle puolelle. Erimielisyydet jätettiin taka-alalle ja asiantuntijat ja uutismedia tekivät yhteistyössä viranomaistoimintaa tukevaa tiedonvälitystä. Toukokuusta 2020 alkoi toinen vaihe, jota kutsumme nimellä julkiset kiistat. Kriisimoodiin verrattuna yhteistyö alkoi rakoilla ja jännitteet nousivat pintaan. Tämä johtui toimittajien itsereflektiosta sekä osin asiantuntijoiden keskinäisestä erimielisyydestä ja uutismedian taipumuksesta kärjistää uutisaiheita. Akuutissa kriisitilanteessa yhteistyö voi olla saumatonta, mutta asiantuntijoiden ja toimittajien väliset jännitteet ovat myös kansalaisen tiedontarvetta palveleva voima.

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How do journalists seek information from sources? A systematic review

Cited by 13 publications

References 97 publications

Expert Credibility and Sentiment in Infodemiology of Hydroxychloroquine’s Efficacy on Cable News Programs: Empirical Analysis

Expert Credibility and Sentiment in Infodemiology of Hydroxychloroquine’s Efficacy on Cable News Programs: Empirical Analysis

Sustainable Geoinformatic Approaches to Insurance for Small-Scale Farmers in Colombia

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