How does frustration make you feel? A motivational analysis in exercise context

Teixeira, Diogo; Silva, Marlene N.; Palmeira, António Labisa

doi:10.1007/s11031-018-9690-6

Cited by 46 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…In this model, only the enjoyment mediator presented significant positive indirect effects on persistence (β = 0.30 [0.22‐0.39]). However, the sequential mediators’ influence across the model is always significant (supportive behaviors → BPN satisfaction → autonomous motivations → enjoyment →intention → persistence), which aligns with the SDT framework and previously reported studies on bright side constructs on enjoyment, intention, and persistence . Curiously, the dark side of the motivation model did not present significant direct or indirect effects on persistence.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…These authors also explain that the mere occurrence of the behavior indicates that at least some motivation is present, even if the individual feels confused or helpless with respect to behavior participation. Past studies support the use of this scale for measuring behavioral regulations in Portuguese exercisers . The measurement model of BREQ‐3 in the present study displayed the following fit: [χ 2 (120) = 384.421, χ 2 /df = 3.20; B‐S P < .001, CFI = 0.938, TLI = 0.921, SRMR = 0.057, RMSEA = 0.062 (CI 90% = 0.055, 0.069)].…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 70%

“…Participants responded to items using a 5‐point scale ranging from 1—“totally disagree” to 5—“totally agree”, and two composite factors were created, one composite factor for BPN satisfaction and one composite factor for BPN frustration. Similar procedures have been used in the past, and those previous procedures support the use of this scale in Portuguese exercisers. The CFA of the BPNSFS in the present study displayed the following fit: [χ 2 (237) = 831.845, χ 2 /df = 2.78; B‐S P < .001, CFI = 0.961, TLI = 0.949, SRMR = 0.071, RMSEA = 0.064 (CI 90% = 0.0759, 0.069)].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…The next part of the causal sequence explains how the satisfaction and/or frustration impacts behavioral regulation toward exercising. Teixeira and Silva have revealed in exercise settings that BPN satisfaction is positive and significantly related to autonomous motivation (ie, individuals partake in the behavior because they value the activity), whereas negative and significantly associated with controlled motivation (ie, the person engages in the behavior to obtain external rewards or to avoid negative consequences such as guilt). Conversely, BPN frustration has an negative relationship with autonomous and a positive with controlled motivation, as demonstrated theoretically and empirically …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The bright and dark sides of motivation as predictors of enjoyment, intention, and exercise persistence

Rodrigues¹,

Teixeira

Neiva³

et al. 2020

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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135

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Objective The present study aimed to examine the bright and dark sides of motivation, based on self‐determination theory, as predictors of enjoyment, intention to continue exercising, and exercise persistence. In addition, we analyzed the mediation role of each variable and tested the model invariance between male and female exercisers. Methods A total of 575 gym exercisers (female = 230) aged between 18 and 65 years (M = 34.07; SD = 11.47) participated in this study. All participants had at least 6 months of regular exercise practice; exercise frequency of the participants ranged from 2 to 7 sessions per week (M = 3.52; SD = 1.28) and training sessions lasted approximately 30 and 120 minutes (M = 61.54; SD = 17.64). Participants completed a multisection questionnaire assessing interpersonal behaviors, basic psychological needs satisfaction and frustration, behavioral regulations, enjoyment, and intentions to continue exercising. Exercise persistence was assessed 6 months after initial assessment using gym computer system attendance records. Several analyses, namely, confirmatory factor analysis, structural equation modeling, serial mediation analysis, and structural invariance testing, were performed to increase theoretical and empirical knowledge. Results Positive associations were observed among the bright side of motivation, enjoyment, intention to continue exercising, and persistence. On the other hand, the dark side of motivation was negatively associated with the bright side constructs, enjoyment, intention, and exercise persistence. Both measurement [χ2(370) = 1496.708, χ2/df = 4.05; B‐S P < .001, CFI = 0.907, TLI = 0.901, SRMR = 0.056, RMSEA = 0.073 (CI 90% = 0.063, 0.083)] and structural models [χ2(393) = 2484.994, χ2/df = 6.323; B‐S P < .001, CFI = 0.908, TLI = 0.900, SRMR = 0.075, RMSEA = 0.071 (CI 90% = 0.067, 0.075)] displayed acceptable fit to the data. The results also showed that basic psychological needs satisfaction, autonomous motivation, enjoyment, and intention to continue exercising were significant mediators. However, enjoyment had the highest effect on exercise persistence. In addition, structural model invariance was confirmed between male and female exercisers. Conclusion Motivational determinants have implications for predicting emotional, cognitive, and behavior‐related outcomes. Individuals should perceive exercise instructors as supportive and exercising as a fun activity to endorse long‐term exercise persistence.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The bright and dark sides of motivation as predictors of enjoyment, intention, and exercise persistence

Rodrigues¹,

Teixeira

Neiva³

et al. 2020

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

Self Cite

135

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show abstract

“…Items were assigned a five‐point scale ranging from zero ( totally disagree ) to four ( totally agree ). Past research supports the use of this scale in measuring behavioral regulations in Portuguese exercisers (Cid, Monteiro, Teixeira et al ., ; Teixeira et al ., ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

The role of dark‐side of motivation and intention to continue in exercise: A self‐determination theory approach

Rodrigues

Teixeira

Cid³

et al. 2019

Scandinavian J Psychology

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Motivation plays an important role when it comes to regular physical exercise. Hence, low levels of intentions to continue exercising in the future may ultimately lead to higher rates of exercise dropout. The first objective of the present research was to test a theoretical model considering the dark side of motivational determinants on intentions towards exercising in the future. The second objective consisted in comparing groups with different characteristics, as a way to identify individuals with weaker intention, which is believed to be an indicator of a higher dropout risk. In total, 544 (294 female; 250 male) gym exercisers aged between 18 and 58 years (M = 35.00; SD = 11.57) partook in the present research. Participants were engaged in fitness group classes (n = 273) or in cardio/resistance workouts (n = 271), and their exercise experience ranged from 3 to 120 months (M = 47.41; SD = 7.54). Results showed that the measurement and the structural model had an excellent fit. In addition, the structural model was invariant between gender, fitness activities, and exercise experience. Each group displayed different explained variance in intention to continue exercising. Overall, male, young adults and more experienced exercisers had stronger intentions towards exercising. Fitness instructors should be aware of their own thwarting behaviors, especially when interacting with female, young and less experienced exercisers, since they have weaker intentions to exercise in the future, possibly representing an increased risk of withdrawal.

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Predictors of post‐exercise affect: A self‐determination theory approach considering physical, social, and psychological factors

White,

Cocker,

Merom

2024

Health Prom J of Aust

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BackgroundStudies have shown increases in affect after acute exercise. However, the specific aspects of an exercise experience that predict or contribute to post‐exercise affect remain relatively unknown. This study aimed to determine which physical (i.e., duration and intensity), contextual (i.e., social context and time of day), and psychological factors (i.e., motivation and need satisfaction) predicted post‐exercise affect.MethodsIn 2021, 296 gym users self‐reported affect before and immediately after exercising at a gym facility. Participants also reported situational motivation towards exercise, need satisfaction (i.e., autonomy, competence, and relatedness), who they exercised with (social interaction), and the duration and perceived intensity of their exercise session. We first conducted a paired samples t‐test to identify whether affect significantly increased from before to after exercise, and then a hierarchical regression model to determine which factors predicted post‐exercise affect.ResultsAffect significantly increased from before to after exercise (t[291] = 8.116, p < .001). Autonomous motivation (β = .23, p = <.001), autonomy satisfaction (β = .15, p = <.05), and relatedness satisfaction (β = .19, p = <.01) significantly predicted post‐exercise affect, whereas duration, perceived intensity, social interaction, and time of day did not.ConclusionsPeople should be encouraged to engage in activities that satisfy their need for autonomy and relatedness during leisure‐time (i.e., not during the workday).So What?This approach to physical activity promotion may lead to better affective outcomes and increased adherence compared to focusing on how long, how intense, or with whom people exercise.

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How does frustration make you feel? A motivational analysis in exercise context

Cited by 46 publications

References 40 publications

The bright and dark sides of motivation as predictors of enjoyment, intention, and exercise persistence

The bright and dark sides of motivation as predictors of enjoyment, intention, and exercise persistence

The role of dark‐side of motivation and intention to continue in exercise: A self‐determination theory approach

Predictors of post‐exercise affect: A self‐determination theory approach considering physical, social, and psychological factors

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