How Does Masting Happen and Synchronize?

Isagi, Yuji; Sugimura, Ken; Sumida, Akihiro; Itô, Hiroki

doi:10.1006/jtbi.1997.0442

Cited by 282 publications

(352 citation statements)

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“…The need of a minimum threshold of the EVI to produce large seed crops at the beginning of the increasing or decreasing EVI periods, despite the increase in the EVI during the last months before reproduction, supports the hypothesis that trees require a minimum level of stored resources to produce buds that will eventually ripen and produce seeds (Sork et al 1993;Isagi et al 1997;Kelly and Sork 2002). This minimum EVI value is in line with many studies reporting a relevant role of the conditions of the previous years (e.g.…”

Section: Short-time Resource Accumulation and Mastingsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Espelta et al 2008Espelta et al , 2009). On the other hand, the resource budget model, or the resource accumulation hypothesis (Sork et al 1993;Isagi et al 1997), suggests that plants produce extraordinary seed crops when a resource threshold is reached after several years of progressive accumulation. This latter hypothesis predicts that plant resources are depleted to sustain the masting episode, so that flowering and seed production are expected to be very low or absent in the next growing season, causing a negative autocorrelation between consecutive seed crops (Koenig and Knops 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temporal trends in the enhanced vegetation index and spring weather predict seed production in Mediterranean oaks

et al. 2015

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The extremely year-to-year variable production of seeds (masting) is an extended plant reproductive behaviour important for forest dynamics and food webs. The dependence of these episodes of massive seed production on recently or long-term photosynthesised carbohydrates, however, remains controversial. In this paper, we explore whether vegetation (tree canopy) changes, detected using EVI as a proxy of leaf area and photosynthetic capacity, can provide a reliable estimation of seed production. To complete this analysis, we also explored the effect of weather both in the trends of EVI and in acorn crop size. To this end, we compared the trends of the EVI and acorn production over 10 years (2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009) in five stands of Quercus ilex L. in Barcelona (Catalonia, NE Spain). We found that acorn production was mainly driven by a combination of: (i) a minimum initial threshold in the EVI values, (ii) an increase in EVI in the 9 ± 4 months prior to reproduction, and (iii) appropriate weather conditions (low water stress) during spring. These results indicated, apparently for the first time, that reproduction in masting species could be detected and partly predicted by remotely sensed vegetative indices. Our results suggested that this particular reproductive behaviour in Mediterranean oaks was driven by a combination of two factors, i.e. good and improving vegetation conditions, as shown by a minimum initial threshold and the increase in EVI needed for large seed crops, and the need of wet weather conditions during spring. Moreover, our results fully supported recent studies that have associated short-term photosynthate production with seed production.

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Section: Short-time Resource Accumulation and Mastingsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal trends in the enhanced vegetation index and spring weather predict seed production in Mediterranean oaks

et al. 2015

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“…Há anos em que ocorre elevada produção de sementes viáveis seguidos por anos em que as árvores são estéreis ou produzem quantidade mínima de flores e frutos (KELLY; SORK, 2002;ROCHA et al, 2006). É possível que a floração de algumas espécies esteja mais sob a influência de variáveis bióticas, ocorrendo a sincronização das floradas com as demais espécies da vegetação (ISAGI et al, 1997). De modo semelhante, diferentes indivíduos arbóreos da mesma espécie tendem a sincronizar sua reprodução sem que haja influência de fatores ambientais (SATAKE;IWASA, 2000) A floração, no entanto, também pode se relacionar com o nível de energia capturado pelas plantas (ISAGI et al, 1997).…”

Section: Nogueira Fcb Et Alunclassified

“…É possível que a floração de algumas espécies esteja mais sob a influência de variáveis bióticas, ocorrendo a sincronização das floradas com as demais espécies da vegetação (ISAGI et al, 1997). De modo semelhante, diferentes indivíduos arbóreos da mesma espécie tendem a sincronizar sua reprodução sem que haja influência de fatores ambientais (SATAKE;IWASA, 2000) A floração, no entanto, também pode se relacionar com o nível de energia capturado pelas plantas (ISAGI et al, 1997). Esses autores assumiram que determinada árvore ganha um quantum de energia a cada ano e não se reproduzirá enquanto o nível de reserva de energia permanecer abaixo de determinado limite.…”

Section: Nogueira Fcb Et Alunclassified

“…Apesar da dificuldade em se prever floração e da reserva de energia excedente para o florescimento (ISAGI et al, 1997), em regiões semiáridas, a chuva pode ser fator responsável pelo desencadeamento e espaçamento da floração (REICH; BORCHERT, 1982BORCHERT, , 1984. O florescimento de árvores e arbustos, em vegetação tropical semiárida no Nordeste da Venezuela, ocorreu ao final da estação seca, período em que ocorrem poucas chuvas (LAMPE et al, 1992).…”

Section: Nogueira Fcb Et Alunclassified

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Fenologia de Dalbergia cearensis Ducke (Fabaceae) em um fragmento de floresta estacional, no semiárido do Nordeste, Brasil

et al. 2013

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RESUMO -Em geral, espécies arbóreas que ocorrem na vegetação de Caatinga, no semiárido do Nordeste brasileiro, têm suas fenofases (floração, frutificação e mudança foliar) condicionadas pela duração e intensidade da seca sazonal. Este estudo registrou a fenologia da queda foliar, incisão, floração e frutificação em 32 indivíduos de Dalbergia cearensis. Os indivíduos foram amostrados a cada 15 dias em 2009-10 e 2010-11, na Unidade de Conservação de Uso Sustentável "Fazenda Não me Deixes", situada em Quixadá, Ceará, Semiárido brasileiro. A frequência de ocorrência das fenofases foi relacionada com os elementos do clima (precipitação pluviométrica média mensal, temperatura média mensal, insolação média mensal e disponibilidade hídrica no solo). A fenologia vegetativa, queda e brotamento de novas folhas, acompanhou a sazonalidade da precipitação pluviométrica durante as estações seca e chuvosa. A floração e frutificação ocorreram no início das chuvas, e os diásporos de D. cearensis são dispersos o ano inteiro, após se desprenderem lentamente das panículas axilares compactas.Palavras-chave: Deciduidade; Sazonalidade; Fenofases. PHENOLOGY OF Dalbergia cearensis DUCKE (FABACEAE) IN A SHERED OF SEASONAL FOREST IN THE NORTHEAST SEMIARID, BRAZIL

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Synchronized expression of FLOWERING LOCUS T between branches underlies mass flowering in Fagus crenata

et al. 2018

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Masting is the intermittent and synchronized production of a large amount of flower and seed in plant populations. This population-level phenomenon is caused by individual-level variability in reproduction and its synchrony between individuals. The variability at the individual level is induced by synchronized reproduction between branches within an individual because a tree is an assemblage of branches that are considered as semiautonomous units. However, there have been no empirical studies that quantify the degree of reproductive synchrony at the branch level within the same tree in masting species. Here, we evaluated the reproductive synchrony within individuals by monitoring flowering dynamics and expression level of a flowering-time gene at the branch-level in a typical masting species, Fagus crenata Blume. The 4-year census showed that the branch-level gene expression was highly variable between years and was strongly synchronized between branches. The branch-level synchrony in flowering-time gene expression was followed by coherent flowering cycle at the whole individual. To examine the causal relationship between gene expression and climatic factors, we performed a nonlinear statistical analysis called convergent cross-mapping using the time course data of gene expression and environmental variables. Our results indicated that the observed gene expression pattern was well cross-mapped by temperature or precipitation. However, this cross-mapping skill was lower than that of randomly generated seasonal dynamics, implying a combination of internal and external environmental signals is more likely to regulate gene expression dynamics in F. crenata. Our results provide the first empirical evidence that synchronized expression of a flowering-time gene between branches underlies integrated flowering behavior at the individual level.

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How Does Masting Happen and Synchronize?

Cited by 282 publications

References 0 publications

Temporal trends in the enhanced vegetation index and spring weather predict seed production in Mediterranean oaks

Temporal trends in the enhanced vegetation index and spring weather predict seed production in Mediterranean oaks

Fenologia de Dalbergia cearensis Ducke (Fabaceae) em um fragmento de floresta estacional, no semiárido do Nordeste, Brasil

Synchronized expression of FLOWERING LOCUS T between branches underlies mass flowering in Fagus crenata

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