How does national culture affect the spillover effects of sovereign ratings on corporate ratings?

Roadmap to achieving sustainable development: Does digital economy matter in industrial green transformation?

“…4.2 | Variables selection 4.2.1 | Dependent variable Industrial Green Transformation Igt ð Þ: Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is favored by many scholars for its superiority in assessing the F I G U R E 1 Mechanism graph of the effect of De on Igt.efficiency of multiple decision units(Pan et al, 2023;Shi & Xu, 2022;Wu et al, 2020). However, general DEA cannot accurately determine desired versus undesired outputs(Zhao et al, 2023). To overcome the resulting bias caused by input-output and radial selection, Tone et al(2020) proposed a slack-based measure (SBM) model that includes undesired outputs.…”