How Dogs Work

Coppinger, Raymond; Feinstein, Mark; Burghardt, Gordon M.

doi:10.7208/chicago/9780226322704.001.0001

Cited by 21 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…Increasing human population density, blade and hunting technology, and/or climate change during the Late Paleolithic in Central Asia (28) may have altered prey densities and made scavenging crucial to the survival of some wolf populations. Adaptations to scavenging such as tameness, small body size, and a decreased age of reproduction would reduce hunting efficiency further, eventually leading to obligate scavenging (37). Whether these earliest dogs were simply human-commensal scavengers or they played some role as companions or hunters that hastened their spread is uncertain, but clearly adaptation to conditions outside this initial domestication origin [e.g., efficient starch digestion (38) and aseasonal breeding (39,40)] has also been important in dog evolution.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic structure in village dogs reveals a Central Asian domestication origin

Shannon

Boyko

Castelhano

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

199

186

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Dogs were the first domesticated species, originating at least 15,000 y ago from Eurasian gray wolves. Dogs today consist primarily of two specialized groups—a diverse set of nearly 400 pure breeds and a far more populous group of free-ranging animals adapted to a human commensal lifestyle (village dogs). Village dogs are more genetically diverse and geographically widespread than purebred dogs making them vital for unraveling dog population history. Using a semicustom 185,805-marker genotyping array, we conducted a large-scale survey of autosomal, mitochondrial, and Y chromosome diversity in 4,676 purebred dogs from 161 breeds and 549 village dogs from 38 countries. Geographic structure shows both isolation and gene flow have shaped genetic diversity in village dog populations. Some populations (notably those in the Neotropics and the South Pacific) are almost completely derived from European stock, whereas others are clearly admixed between indigenous and European dogs. Importantly, many populations—including those of Vietnam, India, and Egypt—show minimal evidence of European admixture. These populations exhibit a clear gradient of short-range linkage disequilibrium consistent with a Central Asian domestication origin.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic structure in village dogs reveals a Central Asian domestication origin

Shannon

Boyko

Castelhano

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

199

186

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…This is theoretically possible because the Upper Palaeolithic reindeer economy was a luxury economy as reflected in human physical development, brain size, health (Geist 1978, Ruff et al, 1997, Formicola and Giannechini 1999 and population growth (Klein 1969Mellars and French 2011). A luxury economy is expected to produce a lot of waste that would have attracted wolves, setting the stage for domestication as proposed by Coppinger and Coppinger (2001).…”

Section: Pleistocene Extinctions Free the Wolf From Its Natural Enemiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dogs and wolves have lived side-by-side for at least 12,000 years (Coppinger and Coppinger 2001) with hybridization being limited, as normal wolf packs destroy dogs and dog-wolf hybrids, as well as competing canids. Settled landscapes, however, attract smaller canids such as coyotes and jackals, which thrive on agriculture, and dogs abound.…”

Section: Settled Landscapes Destroy Wolves As a Species Via Hybridizamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wolves, like coyotes but not like dogs, are observation learners (Coppinger and Coppinger 2001) that take their time investigating and exploring a new prey visually before making contact and finally attacking. It may not come that far, however, if wolves attack sufficient numbers of leashed dogs and thereby raise the urban public's fears.…”

Section: Some Predictions From Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Brief History of Human-Predator Conflicts and Potent Lessons

Geist¹

2016

vertebrate_pest_conference

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From the outset, humans evolved with severe conflict with wildlife, but which they mastered with great ingenuity.We are the only primate that can exist on the ground with large predators, day and night, and are not dependent on climbing trees or cliffs for security. Consequently, we regressed in climbing adaptations and body strength. Without that mastery over predators, there would have been no human evolution. This mastery led to a transfer of resources from predators and competitors to our self, followed very early by dispersal out of Africa into Europa and Asia. The archaeological record keeps hinting at predator-free conditions. At the end of the last glaciation, mega-faunal extinctions generated new challenges for humans, as the virtual absence of mega-herbivores profoundly changed the ecosystems, as fires replaced herbivores in consuming vegetation. Also, wolves escaped extinction, but not their enemies and competitors. Consequently, since the natural limitations on their numbers had been diminished, wolves had to be controlled, and native people rose to the task. Only in societies with disarmed citizens were wolves a menace, and legislation that frees wolves from human control eventually recreates that very menace. North America's Pleistocene native wildlife survived under extremes in predation, such as was not experienced in Eurasia or Africa. Consequently, our native wildlife species, being quick and accurate learners, readily habituate and are very good at taking advantage of us. Problem wildlife may be created by humans' irrational wishes which conflict with the biology of a species. This is well illustrated by current efforts at wolf conservation here and in Europe, where the unintended consequence is the assured destruction of the wolf as a species.

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“…Interactions between different groups of individuals are often observed in collective behavior models, such as the schooling of fish and whales or the herding of sheep and dogs. Concerning the herding (or hunting) problem [8,19], this kind of systems have been studied, where there are herding evaders (sheep) interacting with their drivers (shepherd dogs). There is a vast literature focusing on various related topics, for example, understanding and simulating real data of shepherd dogs [21], analyzing the optimal number of predators in the chase-and-escape model [22] and studying how cooperation arises and enhances efficiency in hunting problems [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asymptotic behavior and control of a “guidance by repulsion” model

Zuazua

2020

Math. Models Methods Appl. Sci.

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We model and analyze a herding problem, where the drivers try to steer the evaders' trajectories while the evaders always move away from the drivers. This problem is motivated by the guidance-by-repulsion model [10], where the authors answer how to control the evaders' positions and what is the optimal maneuver of the drivers. First, we obtain the well-posedness and the long-time behavior of the one-driver and one-evader model, assuming of the same friction coefficients. In this case, the exact controllability is proved in a long enough time horizon. We extend the model to the multi-driver and multi-evader case, and develop numerical simulations to systematically explore the nature of controlled dynamics in various scenarios. The optimal strategies turn out to share a common pattern to the one-driver and one-evader case: the drivers rapidly occupy the position behind the target, and want to pursuit evaders in a straight line for most of the time. Inspired by this, we build a feedback strategy which stabilizes the direction of evaders.Date: November 5, 2019.

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How Dogs Work

Cited by 21 publications

References 0 publications

Genetic structure in village dogs reveals a Central Asian domestication origin

Genetic structure in village dogs reveals a Central Asian domestication origin

A Brief History of Human-Predator Conflicts and Potent Lessons

Asymptotic behavior and control of a “guidance by repulsion” model

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