How immunity from and interaction with seasonal coronaviruses can shape SARS-CoV-2 epidemiology

Waterlow, Naomi R.; Leeuwen, Edwin van; Davies, Nicholas G.; Eggo, Rosalind M

doi:10.1101/2021.05.27.21257032

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 61 publications

(73 reference statements)

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“…Its genome is 65% homologous to that of SARS-CoV-2 and, consequently, prior exposure to seasonal HCoV viruses (including 229E) is a likely source of cross-reactive antibodies and the T cell response to SARS-CoV-2 in non-infected individuals. However, the protective role of these in a subsequent SARS-CoV-2 infection is debated [23][24][25]. Similarly, repeated vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 was shown not to induce a significant increase in specific antibodies against the HCoV-229E spike protein [26], suggesting that current vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 do not provide protection against seasonal coronavirus infections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiviral Potential of Azelastine against Major Respiratory Viruses

Fischhuber,

Bánki,

Kimpel

et al. 2023

Viruses

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The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the subsequent increase in respiratory viral infections highlight the need for broad-spectrum antivirals to enable a quick and efficient reaction to current and emerging viral outbreaks. We previously demonstrated that the antihistamine azelastine hydrochloride (azelastine-HCl) exhibited in vitro antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, in a phase 2 clinical study, a commercial azelastine-containing nasal spray significantly reduced the viral load in SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals. Here, we evaluate the efficacy of azelastine-HCl against additional human coronaviruses, including the SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant and a seasonal human coronavirus, 229E, through in vitro infection assays, with azelastine showing a comparable potency against both. Furthermore, we determined that azelastine-HCl also inhibits the replication of Respiratory syncytial virus A (RSV A) in both prophylactic and therapeutic settings. In a human 3D nasal tissue model (MucilAirTM-Pool, Epithelix), azelastine-HCl protected tissue integrity and function from the effects of infection with influenza A H1N1 and resulted in a reduced viral load soon after infection. Our results suggest that azelastine-HCl has a broad antiviral effect and can be considered a safe option against the most common respiratory viruses to prevent or treat such infections locally in the form of a nasal spray that is commonly available globally.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiviral Potential of Azelastine against Major Respiratory Viruses

Fischhuber,

Bánki,

Kimpel

et al. 2023

Viruses

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Studies evaluating the characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 immune response and the influence of pre-existing Abs against CCCoVs [4][5][6][7][8] yielded inconsistent results, providing conflicting evidence for a protective vs. a detrimental role for CCCoV immunity in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID- 19) pathogenesis and immune responses [7][8][9][10][11]. These inconsistencies may be associated with multiple confounding factors, including age, sex, exposure dose, lifestyle/occupational risks, comorbidities and CCCoV Ab characteristics and levels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased COVID-19 Mortality and Deficient SARS-CoV-2 Immune Response Are Not Associated with Higher Levels of Endemic Coronavirus Antibodies

Adhikari,

Oltz,

Bednash

et al. 2023

Immuno

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The impact of pre-existing common cold coronavirus (CCCoV) antibodies (Abs) on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) immune responses and pathogenesis remains poorly defined. We evaluated these associations in a cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and respiratory failure of varying severity. Patients with respiratory failure from other causes (non-COVID-19) were evaluated as controls. We demonstrated a positive correlation between levels of CCCoV and SARS-CoV-2 Abs using CCCoV and SARS-CoV-2 N and S protein peptide-specific ELISA. Consistent with the above, moderately increased levels of CCCoV-specific Abs in non-COVID-19 vs. COVID-19 patients suggest potential protective effects. Further, higher SARS-CoV-2 N protein-specific and CCCoV Ab levels were observed among surviving vs. non-surviving COVID-19 positive patients. However, the highest SARS-CoV-2 N and S protein-specific IgG and IgA Ab levels were noted in the patients with the most severe clinical disease. Finally, advanced age, cancer and immunosuppression were associated with significantly higher mortality and reduced SARS-CoV-2 and CCCoV Ab levels. Thus, our data highlight that sufficient SARS-CoV-2 N protein-specific Ab responses improve clinical outcomes in severely ill COVID-19 patients. We also confirmed that pre-existing CCCoV-specific Abs do not inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 Ab response and may further reduce the prevalence and/or severity of COVID-19.

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How immunity from and interaction with seasonal coronaviruses can shape SARS-CoV-2 epidemiology

Cited by 2 publications

References 61 publications

Antiviral Potential of Azelastine against Major Respiratory Viruses

Antiviral Potential of Azelastine against Major Respiratory Viruses

Increased COVID-19 Mortality and Deficient SARS-CoV-2 Immune Response Are Not Associated with Higher Levels of Endemic Coronavirus Antibodies

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