How Important is Gambling in National GDP: Case Study from Austria, Croatia, Italy and Slovenia

Abstract

Purpose – The situation in the field of gambling is changing due to the rise of Internet and Mobile gambling. In general gambling consumption is increasing every year, but the distribution of consumption has radically changed from Land Based gambling to Remote gambling. The purpose of this article is to present an overview of the world gambling industry and a specific overview in Austria, Croatia, Italy and Slovenia in order to find some main similarities and differences in observed period. Design/Methodology/Approach – The main research question is How important is gambling for the involved countries and what proportion of the national GDP does the gambling revenue account for? This paper presents the analysis of five statistical databases for the last sixteen years in order to find out some patterns, cyclical or seasonal features or other significant information that allows us to do forecasting of the future revenue with a certain degree of accuracy. We have systematically searched and collected data from the World Bank and the National Statistical Offices websites of the given countries. Statistical methods were used for benchmark analysis, while Box and Jenkins approach and ARIMA modelling were used for forecasting. Findings – The smallest increase was recorded in Slovenia and the largest in Italy. The same effects were also observed in the GDP of these countries. Thus, the state budgets of Croatia and Italy are increasingly dependent on gambling taxes. It also has negative wages. The gambling addictions among the locals have become more frequent as well. Originality of the research – The article shows the forecasts of the gambling revenue and its share in the GDP by 2027. We want to alert decision makers to adopt appropriate policies. States need to rethink their views on gambling and the excessive dependence of the state budget on gambling taxes. This is the first time a single comparative analysis of these countries and the above mentioned forecast has been conducted.

Relieving the Gambling Itch Through Alcohol Consumption: The Impact of COVID-19 Restrictions on Australian Casino Patrons

“…Australia has one of the highest gambling participation rates in the world with about 39 percent of adults defined as “regular gamblers” with over one-fifth of these considered over-reliant on gambling (Armstrong & Carroll, 2017 ). Gambling taxation, on average, represents over 12 percent of Australian States’ and Territories’ taxation revenue (AGC, 2019 ), which makes the gambling industry critical in terms of supporting the wider post-pandemic economy recovery initiatives from a government perspective, and this is similar in other OECD countries like Italy (Raspor et al, 2019 ).…”

Онлайн Гемблінг В Системі Національної Економіки

“…Аналіз останніх досліджень та публікацій. У дослідженні взаємозв'язку гемблінг індустрії та ВВП краї, проведеного Середземноморським університетом (Чорногорія) та Школою передових соціальних досліджень (Словенія), зазначається, що епоха азартних ігор в Інтернеті почалася в 1994 році, коли уряд Антигуа прийняв закон, який легалізував онлайн-казино на його території, а завдяки ігровому програмному забезпеченню та безпечним платіжним системам світовий ринок гемблінгу у 2016 році сягнув 463 мільярдів доларів США і займає 12 позицію серед світових ринків [4]. Світовий індекс зростання індустрії азартних ігор з 2001 року (220 мільярдів доларів США) до 2016 року (450 мільярдів доларів США) становить 2,05 [5].…”