“…Yet, one of the key ideas about Industry 4.0 is the integration of varied technologies due to the limited effect of focusing on a single technology [ 20 ]. In fact, several of the many lean tools have been examined in the context of Industry 4.0 [ 21 , 22 , 23 ], leading to the conclusion that a leaner production is easier to integrate into an Industry 4.0 context and, in many cases, it is possible to combine the ideas and techniques from both frameworks [ 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ]. Moreover, it seems to be a necessary evolutionary step for further raising the level of operational excellence (i.e., to coordinate actions, to optimise resource efficiency, to improve work safety, to decrease in cost) [ 18 ].…”