How is Coronavirus distributed in the world? A Spatial-Temporal Assessment Using Geographic Information System Approach

Abstract

Background and objective: Prevalence and the spread of novel Coronavirus (2019-ncov) cause significant life and financial destruction worldwide and is the cause of severe respiratory infection in humans. The present study briefly reviews the latest information on how the virus is distributed around the world. The main question of the study are: 1-In which geographic regions of the world is the Coronavirus more concentrated? 2-Is the distribution of the Coronavirus geographically stable? Methods: To answer these questions, we first began collecting and studying the available scientific resources. The required data was obtained from a daily report of confirmed, recovered, and deaths by the Coronavirus separated by state which was collected from January 22, 2020 to Jun 19, 2020. Based on analyzing available patterns in spatial statistics tool in ArcGIS and geostatistical models, we examined how the Coronavirus was distributed around the world. Results: The spread of the disease is increasing all over the world. Using the results of Map 1, it is seen that the spread of Corona virus has a trend and starts in China and then spreads to the Middle East, Europe and the United States in a linear manner. The results also show that the prevalence of mortality is higher than that of recovery. Central mean and median for all types (Confirmed, Recovered and death) are close to each other. Death mean and median was close to Western countries and Recovered mean and median was close to Eastern countries, while confirmed mean and median was located in the center. Conclusion: Based on spatial statistics tool in ArcGIS and geostatistical models, we examined how the Coronavirus was distributed around the world. Our results showed that the spread of Corona virus had a trend and started in China and then spread to the Middle East, Europe and the United States in a likely linear manner.

Temporal variation of spatial autocorrelation of COVID-19 cases identified in Poland during the year from the beginning of the pandemic

“…Most of the available studies are those that concern the development of the COVID-19 epidemic in individual countries (Danon et al, 2020;Gomes et al, 2020;Hernández-Flores et al, 2020;Hohl et al, 2020;Kim et al, 2020;Liu et al, 2020;Mollalo et al, 2020;Niu et al, 2020;Ramirez-Aldana, 2020;Castro et al, 2021;Gaudart et al, 2021;Gupta et al, 2021;Huang et al, 2021;Lipsitt et al, 2021;Mościcka et al, 2021;Vaz, 2021). Although so far rare, there are also available results of analyzes carried out on a supra-national scale, especially concerning the European Union (Mounir Amdaoud et al, 2020;Hass & Jokar Arsanjani, 2021;Sannigrahi et al, 2020), entire continents (Weiss et al, 2020 -Africa) and even the whole Earth (Shadi Nazari et al, 2020).…”