How Is the Quality and Quantity of Primary Dysmenorrhea Affected by Physical Exercises? A Study Among Iranian Students

Fallah, Fatemeh; Mirfeizi, Mani

doi:10.15296/ijwhr.2018.11

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Aerobic exercise for 30-45 minutes at 70-85% HRmax, 3-5 days/week, for 8-12 weeks, either guided or unsupervised, relieves pain. Stretching or weight training for 10-20 minutes, 2-3 days/week, for 8 weeks shows substantial improvement, although the quality of research is weak, necessitating more investigation and assessment [ 8 - 13 ]. As most studies have shown, there is a considerable improvement in pain and posit various mechanisms involved in pain modulation in PD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Exercises on Central and Endocrine System for Pain Modulation in Primary Dysmenorrhea

Jaleel

Shaphe

Khan

et al. 2022

JLM

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Dysmenorrhea is the term for describing complex menstrual flow and painful spasmodic cramps during menstruation, and pain without any pathology is considered Primary Dysmenorrhea (PD). It is the most frequent ailment among women of all ages and races. The pain is dull and throbbing in character and occurs in the lower back and abdomen. Symptoms commonly appear 6 to 12 months after menarche, with the most significant incidence in the late teen and early twenties. Physical exercise is nearly a new non-medical intervention to relieve PD associated pain. Aerobics, stretching and Resistive exercises for 8-12 weeks, either supervised or unsupervised, relieves pain. Exercises are believed to cause hormonal changes in the uterine lining, which reduces PD symptoms. Researchers have presumed different pain-relieving methods, ranging from non-opioids to opioids to hormonal for variations in pain sensitivity. Exercise-induced analgesia provides the central pathway as the primary mechanism for pain reduction while, another way to reducing pain in PD may be a hormonal interaction. The hormonal changes causing exercise-induced pain modulation during the menstruation cycle is not clearly understood and the interaction and activation of all the central and endocrine components, which is a complex mechanism, is also not explained clearly. This study briefly reviews the physiological mechanism of Exercise-induced analgesia and its potent roles in controlling the pathogenesis of PD for pain relief.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Exercises on Central and Endocrine System for Pain Modulation in Primary Dysmenorrhea

Jaleel

Shaphe

Khan

et al. 2022

JLM

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“…Regarding Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire and menstruation period pain characteristics at baseline, pain intensity was reported as horrible in the intervention group and as distressing in the control group. Fallah and Mirfeizi26 reported mean pain intensity scores of 5.95 ± 1.99 and 6.58 ± 2.14 before intervention, while Shetty et al27 reported a mean pain intensity score of 7.29 ± 1.22.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Massage and Progressive Relaxation Exercises on Pain Intensity and Menstrual Symptoms in Students With Primary Dysmenorrhea

Yıldız

Acaroğlu

2022

Holistic Nursing Practice

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A total of 97 female students, 50 in the intervention group and 47 in the control group, were included in this pretest-posttest design randomized controlled study. Massage and progressive relaxation exercises are self-administered practices that are easy to adopt, with no side effects, and have beneficial effects on pain, sweating, fatigue, and gastrointestinal and central nervous system signs. So, it can be asserted that when applied together, massage and progressive relaxation exercises could be more effective in reducing menstrual symptoms than applying them separately.

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“…Combined exercises were effective in reducing the symptoms of primary dysmenorrhea (p < 0.05). Similarly Fallah et al [ 25 ] in 2018 evaluated effect of three exercises programs on reducing symptoms of PD in 70 students who were randomly divided into 4 groups stretch, massage, combined and control a group. Outcome measure were based upon McGill questionnaire, VAS, where the exercises reduced the quality and quantity of pain in primary dysmenorrhea and Lauretti et al [ 26 ] in 2015 performed a randomized controlled trial which used a new portable transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation device that was efficient in the control of PD cramp pain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further studies should be conducted for among other populations, such as athlete women, and older adults with same protocol, finally, there was a small sample size, and lack of blinding of participants and outcome assessors, as well as subjective outcome measures with inconsistent assessment so further studies should be to improve this [ 21 ]. They have not evaluated dieting behaviour and habitual eating routines, there is lack of any radiological exam such as colour and also there was small sample size [ 25 ]. Small sample size, short study duration, no long-term follow-up of the subjects, a study was done only between the age group of 17–23 years, only students were taken as subjects [ 20 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise Therapy and Electrotherapy as an Intervention for Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Sharma

Ali

Narula

et al. 2023

JLM

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Primary Dysmenorrhea (PD) is characterized by painful cramps before or during menstruation. It is generally treated with nonpharmacological methods. However, with the advancement of research and the passage of time, physiotherapy plays an increasingly important role in treating patients with PD. Electrotherapy and exercise therapy are conservative methods to treat PD. Alternative methods to minimize reliance on medicinal-based treatments are the need of the hour. This review aims to determine the efficacy of exercise-based therapies and electrotherapy modalities in treating PD. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses standards have been used in the present systematic review and meta-analysis. Cochrane, PubMed, and Google Scholar were searched to facilitate the same. The articles from 2011 to 2021 were included in this review. The quality of the review was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. The visual analog scale was taken as a measure of pain intensity in the meta-analysis, and other outcomes have been included in the systematic review discussed. A total of 15 publications have been included, with a meta-analysis of 7. All included studies were of high quality (PEDro ≥ 5), and demonstrated the efficacy of exercise-based therapies and electrotherapy modalities in treating pain in females with PD. This review aims to check the impact of exercise and electrotherapy in females suffering from PD.

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How Is the Quality and Quantity of Primary Dysmenorrhea Affected by Physical Exercises? A Study Among Iranian Students

Cited by 5 publications

References 24 publications

Effect of Exercises on Central and Endocrine System for Pain Modulation in Primary Dysmenorrhea

Effect of Exercises on Central and Endocrine System for Pain Modulation in Primary Dysmenorrhea

The Effect of Massage and Progressive Relaxation Exercises on Pain Intensity and Menstrual Symptoms in Students With Primary Dysmenorrhea

Exercise Therapy and Electrotherapy as an Intervention for Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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