How Lymphatic Endothelial Cells Destabilize Regulatory T Cells

Lyu, Qingkang; Ley, Klaus

doi:10.1161/atvbaha.122.318849

Cited by 1 publication

(6 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Miyazaki et al [26 ▪▪ ] studied the calpain systems in lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs). Calpains are a family of Ca 2+ -dependent, nonlysosomal proteases [27 ▪ ]. Calpains can be categorized as conventional (ubiquitous) or tissue-specific calpains [27 ▪ ].…”

Section: Lysophosphatidic Acid In Lymphatic Endothelial Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Calpains are a family of Ca 2+ -dependent, nonlysosomal proteases [27 ▪ ]. Calpains can be categorized as conventional (ubiquitous) or tissue-specific calpains [27 ▪ ]. Calpain 1 and calpain 2 are conventional calpains and their activity is tightly regulated by their endogenous inhibitor, calpastatin [27 ▪ ].…”

Section: Lysophosphatidic Acid In Lymphatic Endothelial Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Calpains can be categorized as conventional (ubiquitous) or tissue-specific calpains [27 ▪ ]. Calpain 1 and calpain 2 are conventional calpains and their activity is tightly regulated by their endogenous inhibitor, calpastatin [27 ▪ ]. Calpain 1 and calpain 2 regulate adhesion, migration and lymphangiogenesis of LECs by regulating the degradation and phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase [27 ▪ ].…”

Section: Lysophosphatidic Acid In Lymphatic Endothelial Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Calpain 1 and calpain 2 are conventional calpains and their activity is tightly regulated by their endogenous inhibitor, calpastatin [27 ▪ ]. Calpain 1 and calpain 2 regulate adhesion, migration and lymphangiogenesis of LECs by regulating the degradation and phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase [27 ▪ ]. Activated calpains can selectively degrade the inhibitor of κB (IκB) causing the activation of NFκB [27 ▪ ].…”

Section: Lysophosphatidic Acid In Lymphatic Endothelial Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Calpain 1 and calpain 2 regulate adhesion, migration and lymphangiogenesis of LECs by regulating the degradation and phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase [27 ▪ ]. Activated calpains can selectively degrade the inhibitor of κB (IκB) causing the activation of NFκB [27 ▪ ]. In vitro , Miyazaki et al [26 ▪▪ ] demonstrated that LPA downregulated calpastatin and upregulated calpain 2 in lymph node-derived murine endothelial cells that have the majority of LEC markers and properties (SVEC4-10 cells) [26 ▪▪ ].…”

Section: Lysophosphatidic Acid In Lymphatic Endothelial Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The multiple roles of lysophosphatidic acid in vascular disease and atherosclerosis

Chattopadhyay

Reddy

Fogelman

2023

Current Opinion in Lipidology

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Purpose of review To explore the multiple roles that lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) plays in vascular disease and atherosclerosis. Recent findings A high-fat high-cholesterol diet decreases antimicrobial activity in the small intestine, which leads to increased levels of bacterial lipopolysaccharide in the mucus of the small intestine and in plasma that increase systemic inflammation, and enhance dyslipidemia and aortic atherosclerosis. Decreasing LPA production in enterocytes reduces the impact of the diet. LPA signaling inhibits glucagon-like peptide 1 secretion, promotes atherosclerosis, increases vessel permeability and infarct volume in stroke, but protects against abdominal aortic aneurysm formation and rupture. Acting through the calpain system in lymphatic endothelial cells, LPA reduces the trafficking of anti-inflammatory Treg lymphocytes, which enhances atherosclerosis. Acting through LPA receptor 1 in cardiac lymphatic endothelial cells and fibroblasts, LPA enhances hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Summary LPA plays multiple roles in vascular disease and atherosclerosis that is cell and context dependent. In some settings LPA promotes these disease processes and in others it inhibits the disease process. Because LPA is so ubiquitous, therapeutic approaches targeting LPA must be as specific as possible for the cells and the context in which the disease process occurs.

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Section: Lysophosphatidic Acid In Lymphatic Endothelial Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%