How might marbling begin?

Harper, Gregory S.; Pethick, D.W.

doi:10.1071/ea02114

Cited by 103 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…The PPAR γ gene is known as an early transcriptional factor for adipogenesis and it plays an essential role in triggering fatty acid synthesis related gene expression. Expression of PPARγ and C/EBPα decrease substantially with age and older animals do not support fat synthesis, even though the animal may have a good genetic performance for fat synthesis (6). The SCD gene is associated with fatty acid composition and converts stearic acid into oleic acid.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of marbling-related candidate genes in M. longissimus dorsi of high- and low marbled Hanwoo (Korean Native Cattle) steers

Lee¹,

Cho²,

Lee³

et al. 2008

BMB Reports

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This study was conducted to identify marbling-related candidate genes in M. longissimus dorsi of high-and low-marbled Hanwoo. The longissimus dorsi muscles were selected for gene expression from eight Hanwoo steer carcasses based on crude fat content. In the analysis of variance, gene expression of five candidate genes, FABP4, SCD, PPARγ, Titin and Nebulin was determined to be significantly different between high-and low-marbled Hanwoo steers (P ＜ 0.0001). The Pik-4 and CaMK II genes were also shown to have a significant effect on crude fat content (P ＜ 0.01). In the analysis of the differential expression between high-and low marbled groups, FABP4 gene expression was approximately 2 times higher in the high marbled group relative to the low marbled group. However, the PPARγ and SCD gene were highly expressed in the low marbled group. In addition, Titin and Nebulin were highly expressed in the low marbled group when placed under relatively high shear force. Finally, the Pik-4 and CaM K II gene also displayed a high expression pattern in the low marbled group. [BMB reports 2008; 41(12): 846-851]

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of marbling-related candidate genes in M. longissimus dorsi of high- and low marbled Hanwoo (Korean Native Cattle) steers

Lee¹,

Cho²,

Lee³

et al. 2008

BMB Reports

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“…From a developmental point of view, marbling is the last adipose tissue to be deposited in finishing animals, although adipose tissue starts to accumulate in the early weaning periods (Hauser et al, 1997;Harper and Pethick, 2004). At the metabolic level, IMF content of species such as cattle and pigs that synthesize fat in the muscle results from the balance between uptake, synthesis and degradation of triacylglycerols, which involve many metabolic pathways in both intramuscular adipocytes and myofibres.…”

Section: Development Of Imf and Its Relation With Muscle Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The source of cells that will develop subsequently in intramuscular adipocytes is stem cells (reviewed by Harper and Pethick, 2004). Stem cells derived either from mesenchymal stem cells or from satellite cells have received specific attention (Tajbakhsh, 2005).…”

Section: How Might Marbling Begin?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Intramuscular fat content in meat-producing animals: development, genetic and nutritional control, and identification of putative markers

Hocquette

Gondret

Baéza³

et al. 2010

Animal

656

447

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Intramuscular fat (IMF) content plays a key role in various quality traits of meat. IMF content varies between species, between breeds and between muscle types in the same breed. Other factors are involved in the variation of IMF content in animals, including gender, age and feeding. Variability in IMF content is mainly linked to the number and size of intramuscular adipocytes. The accretion rate of IMF depends on the muscle growth rate. For instance, animals having a high muscularity with a high glycolytic activity display a reduced development of IMF. This suggests that muscle cells and adipocytes interplay during growth. In addition, early events that influence adipogenesis inside the muscle (i.e proliferation and differentiation of adipose cells, the connective structure embedding adipocytes) might be involved in interindividual differences in IMF content. Increasing muscularity will also dilute the final fat content of muscle. At the metabolic level, IMF content results from the balance between uptake, synthesis and degradation of triacylglycerols, which involve many metabolic pathways in both adipocytes and myofibres. Various experiments revealed an association between IMF level and the muscle content in adipocyte-type fatty acid-binding protein, the activities of oxidative enzymes, or the delta-6-desaturase level; however, other studies failed to confirm such relationships. This might be due to the importance of fatty acid fluxes that is likely to be responsible for variability in IMF content during the postnatal period rather than the control of one single pathway. This is evident in the muscle of most fish species in which triacylglycerol synthesis is almost zero. Genetic approaches for increasing IMF have been focused on live animal ultrasound to derive estimated breeding values. More recently, efforts have concentrated on discovering DNA markers that change the distribution of fat in the body (i.e. towards IMF at the expense of the carcass fatness). Thanks to the exhaustive nature of genomics (transcriptomics and proteomics), our knowledge on fat accumulation in muscles is now being underpinned. Metabolic specificities of intramuscular adipocytes have also been demonstrated, as compared to other depots. Nutritional manipulation of IMF independently from body fat depots has proved to be more difficult to achieve than genetic strategies to have lipid deposition dependent of adipose tissue location. In addition, the biological mechanisms that explain the variability of IMF content differ between genetic and nutritional factors. The nutritional regulation of IMF also differs between ruminants, monogastrics and fish due to their digestive and nutritional particularities.

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“…In general, the content and composition of intramuscular fat contributes to the determination of tenderness and flavor (1). In addition, the genotype of animals considerably influences their muscle properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, it was reported in that control of the stage of adipogenesis is related to factors that include Hedgehog signaling, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) signaling, and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) (11). However, the physiological mechanism related to the development of marbled muscle is unclear (1). Although there is almost nothing known about the stimulus for marbling, once marbling begins, the muscle may undergo characteristic changes that include the expression of specific proteins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional study of Villin 2 protein expressed in longissimus dorsi muscle of Korean native cattle in different growth stages

Jin

Han²,

Xu³

et al. 2012

BMB Reports

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The aim of this study was to investigate protein profiles related to the induction of adipogenesis within the bovine longissimus dorsi muscle (BLDM) by proteomic analysis. We analyzed BLDM proteins at different growth stages to clarify the physiological mechanisms of marbled muscle development in 20 head of Korean native cattle (11 month: 10 head, 17 month: 10 head). BLDM proteins were analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis and image analysis. Villin 2 was specifically identified by mass spectrometry and a protein search engine. Villin 2 protein expression in BLDM decreased during the fat development stage in test steers. In a Western blot cell culture study of spontaneously immortal bovine muscle fibroblasts, the abundance of Villin 2 was shown to be down-regulated during differentiation into muscle. In 3T3-L1 mouse embryonic fibroblasts, Villin 2 was decreased during differentiation into adipocytes. The results suggest that Villin 2 may be related to the induction of transdifferentiation and adipogenesis in bovine longissimus dorsi muscle. [BMB reports 2012; 45(2): 102-107]

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How might marbling begin?

Cited by 103 publications

References 65 publications

Identification of marbling-related candidate genes in M. longissimus dorsi of high- and low marbled Hanwoo (Korean Native Cattle) steers

Identification of marbling-related candidate genes in M. longissimus dorsi of high- and low marbled Hanwoo (Korean Native Cattle) steers

Intramuscular fat content in meat-producing animals: development, genetic and nutritional control, and identification of putative markers

Functional study of Villin 2 protein expressed in longissimus dorsi muscle of Korean native cattle in different growth stages

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