How much do genetic covariances alter the rate of adaptation?

Agrawal, Aneil F.; Stinchcombe, John R.

doi:10.1098/rspb.2008.1671

Cited by 263 publications

(398 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The strength and orientation of genetic correlations, in conjunction with the pattern of selection, can enhance or constrain evolutionary response (Agrawal & Stinchcombe, 2009; Conner et al., 2011; Lande, 1979; Simonsen & Stinchcombe, 2010; Teplitsky et al., 2014; Walling et al., 2014). For instance, if selection is in the same direction for two traits, a negative correlation between them will slow the adaptive response, while a positive correlation would accelerate it (Conner, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response to joint selection on germination and flowering phenology depends on the direction of selection

Galloway

Watson

Prendeville

2018

Ecology and Evolution

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Flowering and germination time are components of phenology, a complex phenotype that incorporates a number of traits. In natural populations, selection is likely to occur on multiple components of phenology at once. However, we have little knowledge of how joint selection on several phenological traits influences evolutionary response. We conducted one generation of artificial selection for all combinations of early and late germination and flowering on replicated lines within two independent base populations in the herb Campanula americana. We then measured response to selection and realized heritability for each trait. Response to selection and heritability were greater for flowering time than germination time, indicating greater evolutionary potential of this trait. Selection for earlier phenology, both flowering and germination, did not depend on the direction of selection on the other trait, whereas response to selection to delay germination and flowering was greater when selection on the other trait was in the opposite direction (e.g., early germination and late flowering), indicating a negative genetic correlation between the traits. Therefore, the extent to which correlations shaped response to selection depended on the direction of selection. Furthermore, the genetic correlation between timing of germination and flowering varies across the trait distributions. The negative correlation between germination and flowering time found when selecting for delayed phenology follows theoretical predictions of constraint for traits that jointly determine life history schedule. In contrast, the lack of constraint found when selecting for an accelerated phenology suggests a reduction of the covariance due to strong selection favoring earlier flowering and a shorter life cycle. This genetic architecture, in turn, will facilitate further evolution of the early phenology often favored in warm climates.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response to joint selection on germination and flowering phenology depends on the direction of selection

Galloway

Watson

Prendeville

2018

Ecology and Evolution

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“…Whether or not these correlations impede evolution depends on how much genetic variation is present in the multivariate direction of selection (Hellmann and Pinedakrch, 2007;Hansen and Houle, 2008;Agrawal and Stinchcombe, 2009;Kirkpatrick, 2009;Walsh and Blows, 2009). Stated another way, we need to know how well the multivariate vector of selection lines up with the multivariate axis of genetic variation.…”

Section: Ecosystem Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Stated another way, we need to know how well the multivariate vector of selection lines up with the multivariate axis of genetic variation. Agrawal and Stinchcombe (2009) addressed this question by surveying studies that measured genetic or phenotypic (co)variances among traits, as well as selection acting on those traits. They then estimated the rate of adaptation (increase in mean fitness) in the presence of the measured correlations relative to their absence.…”

Section: Ecosystem Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Key questions in the genetics and genomics of eco-evolutionary dynamics

Hendry

2013

Heredity

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Increasing acceptance that evolution can be 'rapid' (or 'contemporary') has generated growing interest in the consequences for ecology. The genetics and genomics of these 'eco-evolutionary dynamics' will be-to a large extent-the genetics and genomics of organismal phenotypes. In the hope of stimulating research in this area, I review empirical data from natural populations and draw the following conclusions. (1) Considerable additive genetic variance is present for most traits in most populations. (2) Trait correlations do not consistently oppose selection. (3) Adaptive differences between populations often involve dominance and epistasis. (4) Most adaptation is the result of genes of small-to-modest effect, although (5) some genes certainly have larger effects than the others. (6) Adaptation by independent lineages to similar environments is mostly driven by different alleles/genes. (7) Adaptation to new environments is mostly driven by standing genetic variation, although new mutations can be important in some instances. (8) Adaptation is driven by both structural and regulatory genetic variation, with recent studies emphasizing the latter. (9) The ecological effects of organisms, considered as extended phenotypes, are often heritable. Overall, the study of eco-evolutionary dynamics will benefit from perspectives and approaches that emphasize standing genetic variation in many genes of small-to-modest effect acting across multiple traits and that analyze overall adaptation or 'fitness'. In addition, increasing attention should be paid to dominance, epistasis and regulatory variation.

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“…The evidence for genetic correlations limiting the short-term rate of adaptive change is so far surprisingly mixed (Agrawal & Stinchcombe 2009); but basic life-history trade-offs are inescapable, and constraints on the evolution of phenological traits may be relatively widespread (cf. Diggle 1999).…”

Section: Evolution Of Phenologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward a synthetic understanding of the role of phenology in ecology and evolution

Forrest

Miller‐Rushing

2010

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

598

525

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Phenology affects nearly all aspects of ecology and evolution. Virtually all biological phenomenafrom individual physiology to interspecific relationships to global nutrient fluxes-have annual cycles and are influenced by the timing of abiotic events. Recent years have seen a surge of interest in this topic, as an increasing number of studies document phenological responses to climate change. Much recent research has addressed the genetic controls on phenology, modelling techniques and ecosystem-level and evolutionary consequences of phenological change. To date, however, these efforts have tended to proceed independently. Here, we bring together some of these disparate lines of inquiry to clarify vocabulary, facilitate comparisons among habitat types and promote the integration of ideas and methodologies across different disciplines and scales. We discuss the relationship between phenology and life history, the distinction between organismal-and population-level perspectives on phenology and the influence of phenology on evolutionary processes, communities and ecosystems. Future work should focus on linking ecological and physiological aspects of phenology, understanding the demographic effects of phenological change and explicitly accounting for seasonality and phenology in forecasts of ecological and evolutionary responses to climate change.

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How much do genetic covariances alter the rate of adaptation?

Cited by 263 publications

References 53 publications

Response to joint selection on germination and flowering phenology depends on the direction of selection

Response to joint selection on germination and flowering phenology depends on the direction of selection

Key questions in the genetics and genomics of eco-evolutionary dynamics

Toward a synthetic understanding of the role of phenology in ecology and evolution

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