How proteins produce cellular membrane curvature

Zimmerberg, Joshua; Kozlov, Michael M.

doi:10.1038/nrm1784

Cited by 1,196 publications

(1,140 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…However, a complete dewetting of phase O over phase W1 (from Figure 1a2 to Figure 1a3) also requires 1 < 0, i.e., 2 − ( 1 + 1 2 ) < 0 (2) and 2 > 0, i.e., 1 − ( 2 + 1 2 ) > 0 (3). From equation (1), (2) and (3), we conclude the criterion for complete dewetting of W1/O/W2 emulsion drops is the equation (3). Only if 2 > 0, will the dewetting process go to completion, resulting in separated aqueous (W1) and oil (O) droplets.…”

mentioning

confidence: 87%

Monodisperse Uni- and Multicompartment Liposomes

Deng¹,

Yelleswarapu²,

Huck³

2016

J. Am. Chem. Soc.

230

228

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Liposomes are self-assembled phospholipid vesicles with great potential in fields ranging from targeted drug delivery to artificial cells. The formation of liposomes using microfluidic techniques has seen considerable progress, but the liposomes formation process itself has not been studied in great detail. As a result, high throughput, high-yielding routes to monodisperse liposomes with multiple compartments have not been demonstrated. Here, we report on a surfactant-assisted microfluidic route to uniform, single bilayer liposomes, ranging from 25 µm to 190 µm, and with or without multiple inner compartments. The key of our method is the precise control over the developing interfacial energies of complex W/O/W emulsion systems during liposome formation, which is achieved via an additional surfactant in the phase. The liposomes consist of single bilayers, as demonstrated by nanopore formation experiments and confocal fluoresce microscopy, and they can act as compartments for cell-free gene expression. The microfluidic technique can be expanded to create liposomes with a multitude of coupled compartments, opening routes to networks of multistep microreactors.There has been a significant interest in the use of liposomes, self-assembled phospholipid vesicles composed of bilayer membranes, in fields as diverse as targeted drug delivery, 1,2 membrane protein science, 3-5 bioreactors 6-8 and biosensors. 9,10 Cell-sized liposomes that encapsulate biomolecules and incorporate biological functions provide a versatile mimic of certain aspects of living cells, as exemplified by work showing RNA replication, [11][12][13] in vitro transcription and translation of gene networks, 6,14-16 and organization of cell division machinery in liposomes. [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]

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mentioning

confidence: 87%

Monodisperse Uni- and Multicompartment Liposomes

Deng¹,

Yelleswarapu²,

Huck³

2016

J. Am. Chem. Soc.

230

228

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Thus, LysoPL levels have to be tightly controlled to maintain cell survival and function. Due to their inverted cone shape LysoPLs influence membrane curvature and, consequently, also the formation and fission of vesicles (36,37). It was shown that increasing the ratio of LysoPL/PL in the outer leaflet of a membrane causes an outward curvature that at its most extreme leads to tubule formation (37).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of an Insulin-regulated Lysophospholipase with Homology to Neuropathy Target Esterase

Kienesberger

Lass

Preiss-Landl

et al. 2008

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Neuropathy target esterase (NTE) is a member of the family of patatin domain-containing proteins and exhibits phospholipase activity in brain and cultured cells. NTE was originally identified as target enzyme for organophosphorus compounds that cause a delayed paralyzing syndrome with degeneration of nerve axons. Here we show that the structurally related murine protein NTErelated esterase (NRE) is a potent lysophospholipase. The enzyme efficiently hydrolyzes sn-1 esters in lysophosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidic acid. No lipase activity was observed when triacylglycerols, cholesteryl esters, retinyl esters, phosphatidylcholine, or monoacylglycerol were used as substrates. Although NTE is predominantly expressed in the nervous system, we found the highest NRE mRNA levels in testes, skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and adipose tissue. Induction of NRE mRNA concentrations in these tissues during fasting suggested a nutritional regulation of enzyme expression and, in accordance with this observation, insulin reduced NRE mRNA levels in a dose-dependent manner in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. A green fluorescent protein-NRE fusion protein colocalized to the endoplasmic reticulum and lipid droplets. Thus, NRE is a previously unrecognized ER-and lipid droplet-associated lysophospholipase. Regulation of enzyme expression by the nutritional status and insulin suggests a role of NRE in the catabolism of lipid precursors and/or mediators that affect energy metabolism in mammals.

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“…They assemble to form flat membranes. Conversely, dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE) lipids have a head group smaller than their tail region, giving them negative intrinsic curvature [73].…”

Section: Induced Membrane Deformationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arginine‐rich cell‐penetrating peptides

et al. 2009

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a b s t r a c tArginine-rich cell-penetrating peptides are short cationic peptides capable of traversing the plasma membranes of eukaryotic cells. While successful intracellular delivery of many biologically active macromolecules has been accomplished using these peptides, their mechanisms of cell entry are still under investigation. Recent dialogue has centered on a debate over the roles that direct translocation and endocytotic pathways play in internalization of cell-penetrating peptides. In this paper, we review the evidence for the broad range of proposed mechanisms, and show that each distinct process requires negative Gaussian membrane curvature as a necessary condition. Generation of negative Gaussian curvature by cell-penetrating peptides is directly related to their arginine content. We illustrate these concepts using HIV TAT as an example.

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How proteins produce cellular membrane curvature

Cited by 1,196 publications

References 90 publications

Monodisperse Uni- and Multicompartment Liposomes

Monodisperse Uni- and Multicompartment Liposomes

Identification of an Insulin-regulated Lysophospholipase with Homology to Neuropathy Target Esterase

Arginine‐rich cell‐penetrating peptides

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