How Streptococcus suis serotype 2 attempts to avoid attack by host immune defenses

Xia, Xiaojing; Qin, Wanhai; Zhu, Haijing; Wang, Xin; Jiang, Jinqing; Hu, Jianhe

doi:10.1016/j.jmii.2019.03.003

Cited by 48 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 98 publications

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“…Human fibrinogen bound to MRP increases viability of S. suis serotype 2 in human blood and its capability of migrating across the human cerebral endothelial cell barrier, thereby promoting the development of meningitis [19]. EF is secreted independent of an interaction between bacteria and host cell involved in enhancing bacterial infection, invasion, and pathogenicity [20]. Both MRP and EF have variants of different molecular weights [21,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population structure, genetic diversity and pathotypes of Streptococcus suis isolated during the last 13 years from diseased pigs in Switzerland

Scherrer

Rosato

Serrano

et al. 2020

Vet Res

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Streptococcus (S.) suis is a globally important swine pathogen, which comprises certain zoonotic serotypes. In this study, a detailed characterization of 88 porcine S. suis isolates was performed by analyzing capsular (cps) types, multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and investigation of the minimum core genome (MCG). In order to focus on the virulence potential of presumable invasive disease-associated S. suis isolates, virulence-associated gene profiles were assessed followed by screening a chosen subset of S. suis strains with a molecular pathotyping tool. Results showed a high genetic variability within this strain collection. In total, seventeen cps types were identified with a predominance of cps type 9 (15.9%) and 6 (14.8%). MLST revealed 48 sequence types (STs) including 41 novel ones. The population structure of S. suis was heterogenous and isolates belonged to eight different clonal complexes (CCs) including CC28 (9.1%), CC1109 (8%), CC13/149 (6.8%), CC1237 (5.7%), CC1 (3.4%), CC17 (3.4%), CC87 (2.3%), and CC1112 (1.1%), whereas a significant portion of isolates (60.2%) could not be assigned to any described CCs. Virulence-associated markers, namely extracellular protein factor (epf), muramidase-released protein (mrp), and suilysin (sly), showed a link with STs rather than with cps types. With this study an expanded knowledge about the population structure and the genetic diversity of S. suis could be achieved, which helps to contribute to an optimal public health surveillance system by promoting a focus on strains with an increased virulence and zoonotic potential.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population structure, genetic diversity and pathotypes of Streptococcus suis isolated during the last 13 years from diseased pigs in Switzerland

Scherrer

Rosato

Serrano

et al. 2020

Vet Res

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“…For instance, Correlation studies showed that the mRNA expression of IL-1β and TNF-α were positively correlated with the enrichments in Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 in the colon mucosal of sheep, this enrichment eventually leads to in ammation of the colonic epithelium in sheep [5]. A study by Xiaojing Xia et al reported that the pathogenic protein secreted by Streptococcus can escape host phagocytosis and complement-mediated immune destruction leading to the onset of the body [6]. Moreover, Wang et al reported that Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Fusobacterium and Bacteroides are more abundant in the vagina of endometritis sows compared to healthy sows [7].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of intestinal flora on the formation of endometritis of sow

Zhang¹,

Wang²,

Dai³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background Aberration of birth canal microbiota is one of the most important factors in the etiology of sow endomentritis. Nevertheless, reports about the structure and composition of birth canal microbiota in endomentritis sow and their relationship with intestinal microbes is limited. Therefore, understanding the relationship between birth canal microbiota and intestinal microbiota of the host has become exceedingly crucial. Results In this study, 4 healthy and 4 endomentritis sows were selected basing on whether the sow had endometritis or not in a farm of China. The microflora of their birth canal secretions and fresh feces were analyzed via sequencing the V3 + V4 region of bacterial 16S rDNA gene. The results showed that the significant difference between endometritis and healthy sows birth canal flora in the composition and abundance. Sow endomentritis was associated with increasing in the relative abundance of Porphyromonas, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Streptococcus, Ezakiella, Fusobacterium, Actinobacillus, Bacteroides, and Prevotella as well as Anaerococcus. On the contrary, the majority of beneficial bacteria that belonging to Firmicutes phylum (e.g., Lactobacillus and Enterococcus ) declined in endomentritis sow. The increased relative abundance of Porphyromonas in the vaginal secretions might correlate with the decrease of Lactobacillusin the feces of endometritis sows. Moreover, the experimental result also found that some intestinal bacteria (such as Escherichia-Shigella and Bacteroides) may be bound up with the onset of sow endometritis. Conclusion Sow endometritis is closely related to the microbiota of birth canal, and that some intestinal bacteria may promote the onset of endometritis. The above results can supply a theoretical basis to research the pathogenesis of endometritis and the microbiota of sow's birth canal and gut.

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“…The same Streptococcus suis can evade neutrophils by preventing neutrophil extracellular trap formation. However, the mTG involvement in this phenomenon is not yet apparent [82,83].…”

Section: Suppression Of Mechanical and Immunological Enteric Protectimentioning

confidence: 97%

Processed Food Additive Microbial Transglutaminase and Its Cross-Linked Gliadin Complexes Are Potential Public Health Concerns in Celiac Disease

Lerner¹,

Tenbusch²

2020

IJMS

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Microbial transglutaminase (mTG) is a survival factor for microbes, but yeasts, fungi, and plants also produce transglutaminase. mTG is a cross-linker that is heavily consumed as a protein glue in multiple processed food industries. According to the manufacturers' claims, microbial transglutaminase and its cross-linked products are safe, i.e., nonallergenic, nonimmunogenic, and nonpathogenic. The regulatory authorities declare it as "generally recognized as safe" for public users. However, scientific observations are accumulating concerning its undesirable effects on human health. Functionally, mTG imitates its family member, tissue transglutaminase, which is the autoantigen of celiac disease. Both these transglutaminases mediate cross-linked complexes, which are immunogenic in celiac patients. The enzyme enhances intestinal permeability, suppresses mechanical (mucus) and immunological (anti phagocytic) enteric protective barriers, stimulates luminal bacterial growth, and augments the uptake of gliadin peptide. mTG and gliadin molecules are cotranscytosed through the enterocytes and deposited subepithelially. Moreover, mucosal dendritic cell surface transglutaminase induces gliadin endocytosis, and the enzyme-treated wheat products are immunoreactive in CD patients. The present review summarizes and updates the potentially detrimental effects of mTG, aiming to stimulate scientific and regulatory debates on its safety, to protect the public from the enzyme's unwanted effects.

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How Streptococcus suis serotype 2 attempts to avoid attack by host immune defenses

Cited by 48 publications

References 98 publications

Population structure, genetic diversity and pathotypes of Streptococcus suis isolated during the last 13 years from diseased pigs in Switzerland

Population structure, genetic diversity and pathotypes of Streptococcus suis isolated during the last 13 years from diseased pigs in Switzerland

Effect of intestinal flora on the formation of endometritis of sow

Processed Food Additive Microbial Transglutaminase and Its Cross-Linked Gliadin Complexes Are Potential Public Health Concerns in Celiac Disease

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