How strong is the evidence that gut microbiota composition can be influenced by lifestyle interventions in a cardio-protective way?

Gerdes, Victor E. A.; Gueimonde, Miguel; Pajunen, Lotta; Nieuwdorp, Max; Laitinen, Kirsi

doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.08.028

Cited by 22 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 179 publications

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“…An important example is imidazole propionate, which is formed after the metabolism of histidine. There was a clearly higher concentration of imidazolepropionate in the portal blood of obese diabetes patients compared to obese patients without diabetes [6].…”

Section: Gut Microbiota Its Diet-derived Products and Cardiovascular Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Humans do not possess TMA lyases, so all TMA is formed by the gut microbiota. After absorption, TMA is transported to the liver, where the hepatic enzyme flavin-monooxygenase-3 (FMO3) oxidizes TMA to TMAO [6].…”

Section: Gut Microbiota Its Diet-derived Products and Cardiovascular Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Functional foods can have beneficial effects against various risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease. However, little is known about the roles of probiotic and prebiotic supplements as important dietary components in the prevention and treatment of CVD [6]. Therefore, the aim of this review is to discuss the roles of gut microbiota and probiotics supplementation in the development of cardiovascular disease based on available reports and clinical studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Role of Gut Microbiota, Probiotics and Prebiotics in the Cardiovascular Diseases

et al. 2021

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In recent years, there has been a growing interest in identifying and applying new, naturally occurring molecules that promote health. Probiotics are defined as “live microorganisms which, when administered in adequate amounts, confer health benefits on the host”. Quite a few fermented products serve as the source of probiotic strains, with many factors influencing the effectiveness of probiotics, including interactions of probiotic bacteria with the host’s microbiome. Prebiotics contain no microorganisms, only substances which stimulate their growth. Prebiotics can be obtained from various sources, including breast milk, soybeans, and raw oats, however, the most popular prebiotics are the oligosaccharides contained in plants. Recent research increasingly claims that probiotics and prebiotics alleviate many disorders related to the immune system, cancer metastasis, type 2 diabetes, and obesity. However, little is known about the role of these supplements as important dietary components in preventing or treating cardiovascular disease. Still, some reports and clinical studies were conducted, offering new ways of treatment. Therefore, the aim of this review is to discuss the roles of gut microbiota, probiotics, and prebiotics interventions in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease.

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Section: Gut Microbiota Its Diet-derived Products and Cardiovascular Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Gut Microbiota Its Diet-derived Products and Cardiovascular Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Role of Gut Microbiota, Probiotics and Prebiotics in the Cardiovascular Diseases

et al. 2021

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“…As SCFAs play a role in reducing serum cholesterol levels, decreases in SCFA production have been associated with dyslipidaemia. Concentrations of SFCAs have also been observed to be lower in patients with atherosclerotic vascular disease or hypertension [ 36 ].…”

Section: Gut Microbiota and Cvdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Gut Microbiota and Cardiovascular Disease

et al. 2021

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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been classified as one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. CVD risk factors include smoking, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, obesity, inflammation and diabetes. The gut microbiota can influence human health through multiple interactions and community changes are associated with the development and progression of numerous disease states, including CVD. The gut microbiota are involved in the production of several metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), bile acids and trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO). These products of microbial metabolism are important modulatory factors and have been associated with an increased risk of CVD. Due to its association with CVD development, the gut microbiota has emerged as a target for therapeutic approaches. In this review, we summarise the current knowledge on the role of the gut microbiome in CVD development, and associated microbial communities, functions, and metabolic profiles. We also discuss CVD therapeutic interventions that target the gut microbiota such as probiotics and faecal microbiota transplantation.

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“…This scientific question is of current clinical concern given the continuous changes in dietary sources nowadays among societies [ 6 ]. However, methodological criticisms affect GM composition analysis [ 24 ], the design of interventional dietary trials is scarce up to now, small-sized trials gave contrasting data about the effect of dietary intervention on changes of GM composition and subsequent effect on markers of ACVD risk [ 25 ]. This sets the stage for an immediate clinical value, since the clustering of taxonomic and metagenomic signatures with individual dietary lifestyle might represent a pioneering approach of primary prevention, identifying patients among the population at increased risk of future occurrence of CVD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbiota Functional Dysbiosis Relates to Individual Diet in Subclinical Carotid Atherosclerosis

et al. 2021

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Gut Microbiota (GM) dysbiosis associates with Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases (ACVD), but whether this also holds true in subjects without clinically manifest ACVD represents a challenge of personalized prevention. We connected exposure to diet (self-reported by food diaries) and markers of Subclinical Carotid Atherosclerosis (SCA) with individual taxonomic and functional GM profiles (from fecal metagenomic DNA) of 345 subjects without previous clinically manifest ACVD. Subjects without SCA reported consuming higher amounts of cereals, starchy vegetables, milky products, yoghurts and bakery products versus those with SCA (who reported to consume more mechanically separated meats). The variety of dietary sources significantly overlapped with the separations in GM composition between subjects without SCA and those with SCA (RV coefficient between nutrients quantities and microbial relative abundances at genus level = 0.65, p-value = 0.047). Additionally, specific bacterial species (Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in the absence of SCA and Escherichia coli in the presence of SCA) are directly related to over-representation of metagenomic pathways linked to different dietary sources (sulfur oxidation and starch degradation in absence of SCA, and metabolism of amino acids, syntheses of palmitate, choline, carnitines and Trimethylamine n-oxide in presence of SCA). These findings might contribute to hypothesize future strategies of personalized dietary intervention for primary CVD prevention setting.

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How strong is the evidence that gut microbiota composition can be influenced by lifestyle interventions in a cardio-protective way?

Cited by 22 publications

References 179 publications

Role of Gut Microbiota, Probiotics and Prebiotics in the Cardiovascular Diseases

Role of Gut Microbiota, Probiotics and Prebiotics in the Cardiovascular Diseases

Exploring the Gut Microbiota and Cardiovascular Disease

Gut Microbiota Functional Dysbiosis Relates to Individual Diet in Subclinical Carotid Atherosclerosis

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