How the 1950s changed our understanding of traumatic encephalopathy and its sequelae

Casper, Stephen T.

doi:10.1503/cmaj.171204

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Effect of peptide net charge in wide range of pH was evaluated. All of the studied peptides had positive net charge in wide pH range (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11) and were extracted in these pH range as positively charged molecules. All of the studied peptides had the same net charge in a certain pH.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As previous reports, two alterations in chemical structure of Gn-RH lead to enhance the resistance of Gn-RH analogue to degradation by circulating and tissue peptidases and increase its affinity for the Gn-RH receptor and subsequently enhance the biologic activity of Gn-RH agonists. These alterations include substitution of an amino acid at position 6 and/or 10 and usually replacement by another amino acid and/or N-ethylamide group in structure of Gn-RH peptide [2,3]. The structure and position of amino acids in Gn-RH molecule and their substitutions in some Gn-RH agonist analogues is shown in Table 1.…”

Section: Calculation Of Net Charge Of Peptidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several Gn-RH agonists are available for clinical use. Gn-RH agonists like buserelin, triptorelin, alarelin and leuprorelin (leuprolide) have widespread clinical application in treatment of endometriosis, uterine leiomyoma, premenstrual syndrome, breast cancer, prostate cancer and precocious puberty [2][3][4]. Figure 1 shows the chemical structure of some Gn-RH agonist analogues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electromembrane extraction of gonadotropin‐releasing hormone agonists from plasma and wastewater samples

et al. 2016

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In the present study, for the first time electromembrane extraction followed by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultraviolet detection was optimized and validated for quantification of four gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist anticancer peptides (alarelin, leuprolide, buserelin and triptorelin) in biological and aqueous samples. The parameters influencing electromigration were investigated and optimized. The membrane consists 95% of 1-octanol and 5% di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phosphate immobilized in the pores of a hollow fiber. A 20 V electrical field was applied to make the analytes migrate from sample solution with pH 7.0, through the supported liquid membrane into an acidic acceptor solution with pH 1.0 which was located inside the lumen of hollow fiber. Extraction recoveries in the range of 49 and 71% within 15 min extraction time were obtained in different biological matrices which resulted in preconcentration factors in the range of 82-118 and satisfactory repeatability (7.1 < RSD% < 19.8). The method offers good linearity (2.0-1000 ng/mL) with estimation of regression coefficient higher than 0.998. The procedure allows very low detection and quantitation limits of 0.2 and 0.6 ng/mL, respectively. Finally, it was applied to determination and quantification of peptides in human plasma and wastewater samples and satisfactory results were yielded.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Calculation Of Net Charge Of Peptidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electromembrane extraction of gonadotropin‐releasing hormone agonists from plasma and wastewater samples

et al. 2016

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“…Bachynski (2019) has likewise demonstrated that there has been a longstanding awareness of the significant safety issues associated with the sport, but argues that these fears have historically been counterbalanced by an individualization of risk on the one hand-the wellestablished mantra of "they know the risks"-and the stressing of individual and social benefit on the other. Casper, likewise, sees little evidence of a radical epistemic break in recent years and, despite some changes and consolidations across the twentieth century (Casper, 2018b), argues that since at least the 1870s there has been:…”

Section: Introduction: When Omalu Met Webstermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is now a substantial body of work that has examined the history of concussion in sport and that has sought to situate the contemporary concussion crisis more fully (Harrison, 2014 ; Casper, 2018a , b ; Bachynski, 2019 ; Casper and O'Donnell, 2020 ). Scholars responsible for this work have convincingly argued that the ongoing concussion crisis has a long historical context: Harrison, for example, has shown that concussion has been discussed in relation to American Football for over a century (Harrison, 2014 ).…”

Section: Introduction: When Omalu Met Webstermentioning

confidence: 99%

“Learning to Listen to Them and Ask the Right Questions.” Bennet Omalu, Scientific Objectivities, and the Witnessing of a Concussion Crisis

Hollin

2021

Front. Sports Act. Living

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The death of American Football player Mike Webster has become foundational to narratives of sport's twenty-first century concussion crisis. Bennet Omalu, the neuropathologist who conducted Webster's autopsy and subsequently diagnosed Webster with Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE), has, likewise, become a central figure in the concussion crisis. Indeed, it is frequently argued that there is something about Omalu in particular that made it possible for him to “witness” CTE when the disease entity had hitherto remained invisible to a great many medics and scientists. In this article, and drawing upon auto/biographies, I consider Omalu's self-described mode of scientific witnessing which purportedly allowed him to (re)discover CTE. I find Omalu's described objectivity to be shaped by three factors: First, the importance of “trained judgment” within which Omalu's scientific training is emphasized. Second, the infusion of religiosity within scientific practice. Third, a self-described position as an “outsider” to both football and American culture. Throughout this analysis, I pay attention not only to the ways in which Omalu's narratives depart from conventional depictions of scientific objectivity; I also note the similarities with particular bodies of social scientific work, most notably within a feminist “turn to care” in Science and Technology Studies (STS) and related standpoint epistemologies. Following these analyses, I argue that, first, Omalu's writing affords the dead a “response-ability” that is often absent within analyses of the concussion crisis and, second, that a focus upon diverse forms of objectivity, such as those described in Omalu's work, complements existing work into concussion science that has foregrounded scientific conflict of interest.

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The Tangled Multiplicities of CTE: Scientific Uncertainty and the Infrastructures of Traumatic Brain Injury

Ventresca

2019

Sports, Society, and Technology

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How the 1950s changed our understanding of traumatic encephalopathy and its sequelae

Cited by 5 publications

References 6 publications

Electromembrane extraction of gonadotropin‐releasing hormone agonists from plasma and wastewater samples

Electromembrane extraction of gonadotropin‐releasing hormone agonists from plasma and wastewater samples

“Learning to Listen to Them and Ask the Right Questions.” Bennet Omalu, Scientific Objectivities, and the Witnessing of a Concussion Crisis

The Tangled Multiplicities of CTE: Scientific Uncertainty and the Infrastructures of Traumatic Brain Injury

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