How the case against the MMR vaccine was fixed

Deer, Brian

doi:10.1136/bmj.c5347

Cited by 277 publications

(139 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Uprkos tome što je pomenuti članak zvanično povučen stoga što je metodologija istraživanja potonjom analizom ocenjena kao kritično neadekvatna, uprkos priznanju autora da je primao novac od organizacije direktno zainteresovane za iznuđivanje kompenzacije za navodnu štetu pričinjenu vakcinacijom [18], kao i nasuprot rezultatima brojnih visoko kvalitetnih i među-sobno nezavisnih istraživanja kojima je uzročna veza između vakcinacije i autizma opovrgnuta izvan razumne sumnje [19,20,21,22], optužba da vakcina MMR izaziva autizam ostaje važan deo anti-vakcinalne kulture mišljenja i značajan izvor strahovanja roditelja.…”

Section: Posledice Anti-vakcinalne Propagande: Primeriunclassified

Anti-vakcinalni pokreti i naučna medicina

Janković

2014

Биомедицинска Истраживања

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Kratak sadržajUprkos velikim uspesima u sprečavanju, suzbijanju, pa i iskorenjivanju zaraznih oboljenja, aktivna imunizacija kao profilaktička metoda je od samog početka bila žučno osporavana. Osporavanje vrednosti aktivne imunizacije je i danas u porastu, što predstavlja svojevrstan paradoks kada se uzme u obzir postojanje dugotrajnih (u nekim slučajevima viševekovnih) pozitivnih iskustava u primeni vakcinacije: postojani napredak naučne medicine i imunologije koji je doveo i vodi ka brojnim poboljšanjima u osmišljavanju, proizvodnji, primeni i kontroli kvaliteta vakcina; impresivna suma naučnih istraživanja i pažljivo zabeleženih činjenica koje svedoče o visokom stepenu delotvornosti i bezbednosti vakcina u širokoj upotrebi; i najzad, ukupan broj sprečenih slučajeva oboljevanja i sačuvanih ljudskih života koji se, čak i prema škrtim procenama, u svetskim okvirima uveliko meri milionima. Nasuprot svemu tome, sve snažniji i sve agresivniji anti-vakcinalni pokreti nastoje, različitim načinima, da argumentuju tezu da su ozbiljni neželjeni efekti vakcina toliko česti da čine aktivnu imunizaciju opasnijom od samih zaraznih bolesti od kojih je ona namenjena da nas zaštiti. Pristajanje velikog dela javnosti uz anti-vakcinalne stavove i opadanja broja redovno vakcinisanih osoba u mnogim sredinama može da izazove povratak nekih od najvećih pošasti čovečanstva. Ono što naročito zabrinjava, jeste veliki broj lekara i drugih zdravstvenih radnika koji antivakcinalnim pokretima pripadaju ili ih podstiču, uprkos tome što je (uz izvesne ograde) većina popularnih anti-vakcinalnih stavova ne samo suprotna usvojenim i utemeljenim saznanjima imunologije i nepotkrepljena naučnim istraživanjima, već uistinu i lišena racionalne osnove. Ključne riječi: vakcinacija, anti-vakcinalni pokret, naučna medicina UvodAktivna imunizacija (vakcinacija) je jedno od najdelotvornijih oruđa naučne medicine, čijom je primenom drastično suzbijeno (u slučaju velikih boginja do potpunog iskorenjivanja) mnoštvo zaraznih oboljenja koja su odnosila milione ljudskih života i/ ili često ostavljala trajne štetne posledice. Uvođenje redovne vakcinacije je, uz poboljšanje higijene i životnog standarda, u velikoj meri zaslužno za smanjenje stope smrtnosti dece sa preko 50%, koliko je tipično iznosila sve do poznog XIX veka, na manje od 0,1% koliko danas iznosi u zemljama Evrope [1]. Činjenica da je čovečanstvo kroz razvoj nauke i tehnologije, koji pre svega počiva na sve boljem razumevanju procesa koji se odigravaju u prirodi, steklo sposobnost da na opštu dobrobit iskoristi funkcionalne mehanizme imunskog sistema usavrša-vane milionima godina evolucije -imunsko pamćenje i moćni sekundarni imunski odgovor -rečito svedoči o pređenom putu i rasponu mogućnosti koje pruža naučna medicina. Na žalost, svaki korak na tom putu, još od pionirskih radova Edward Jenner-a i Louis Pasteur-a, bio je žučno osporavan, pogrešno shvatan i podvrgavan masovnom nepoverenju. To je čes-to rezultiralo oštrim otporima u sprovođenju aktivne imunizacije, prevashodno motivisanim iracional...

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Section: Posledice Anti-vakcinalne Propagande: Primeriunclassified

Anti-vakcinalni pokreti i naučna medicina

Janković

2014

Биомедицинска Истраживања

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“…And, even if we have some expectations about the "true effect size, " can we test enough participants to ensure a small enough β? Further, what is the cost of falsely claiming that a vaccine causes autism thereby generating press coverage that grossly misleads the public (Deer, 2011;Godlee, 2011)? What is the cost of running too many underpowered studies thereby wasting perhaps most research funding, boosting the number of false positive papers and complicating interpretation (Schmidt, 1992;Ioannidis, 2005;Button et al, 2013)?…”

Section: Neyman and Pearson: A Decision Mechanism Optimized For The Lmentioning

confidence: 99%

When null hypothesis significance testing is unsuitable for research: a reassessment

Szűcs

Ioannidis

2016

Preprint

107

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Null hypothesis significance testing (NHST) has several shortcomings that are likely contributing factors behind the widely debated replication crisis of (cognitive) neuroscience, psychology, and biomedical science in general. We review these shortcomings and suggest that, after sustained negative experience, NHST should no longer be the default, dominant statistical practice of all biomedical and psychological research. If theoretical predictions are weak we should not rely on all or nothing hypothesis tests. Different inferential methods may be most suitable for different types of research questions. Whenever researchers use NHST they should justify its use, and publish pre-study power calculations and effect sizes, including negative findings. Hypothesis-testing studies should be pre-registered and optimally raw data published. The current statistics lite educational approach for students that has sustained the widespread, spurious use of NHST should be phased out.

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“…It is not a journalist's job to make science look good but rather to report fairly and accurately on its work and hold it responsible for its failures. The importance of this accountability function was evident when journalist Brian Deer uncovered problematic behavior by Andrew Wakefield, the author of a now discredited article linking the MMR vaccine to autism (99). To perform their accountability function well, reporters should not only alert the public to problems in consequential science but also scrutinize how and how well they are being addressed.…”

Section: Factors Contributing To the Systemic Problem Storylinementioning

confidence: 99%

Crisis or self-correction: Rethinking media narratives about the well-being of science

Jamieson

2018

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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After documenting the existence and exploring some implications of three alternative news narratives about science and its challenges, this essay outlines ways in which those who communicate science can more accurately convey its investigatory process, self-correcting norms, and remedial actions, without in the process legitimizing an unwarranted “science is broken/in crisis” narrative. The three storylines are: (i) quest discovery, which features scientists producing knowledge through an honorable journey; (ii) counterfeit quest discovery, which centers on an individual or group of scientists producing a spurious finding through a dishonorable one; and (iii) a systemic problem structure, which suggests that some of the practices that protect science are broken, or worse, that science is no longer self-correcting or in crisis.

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How the case against the MMR vaccine was fixed

Abstract: In the first part of a special BMJ series, Brian Deer exposes the bogus data behind claims that launched a worldwide scare over the measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine, and reveals how the appearance of a link with autism was manufactured at a London medical school

Cited by 277 publications

References 14 publications

Anti-vakcinalni pokreti i naučna medicina

Anti-vakcinalni pokreti i naučna medicina

When null hypothesis significance testing is unsuitable for research: a reassessment

Crisis or self-correction: Rethinking media narratives about the well-being of science

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