How to evaluate and manage stress in dogs – A guide for veterinary specialist

Kartashova, I.A.; Ganina, K.K.; Karelina, E.A.; Тарасов, С. А.

doi:10.1016/j.applanim.2021.105458

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 107 publications

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“…The measure appears to be influenced by the duration and type of stressor, as well as time of day, reflecting the complex immune response to stress. It has also been stated that the perception of the stimuli can influence results and if perceived negatively can lead to a short-term increase in sIgA concentration [ 50 ]. A recent study concluded that it is not clear whether sIgA is a useful short-term measure of stress in dogs [ 51 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Music on Stress Parameters in Dogs during a Mock Veterinary Visit

King¹,

Flint²,

Hunt³

et al. 2022

Animals

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Veterinary visits can be stressful for dogs, but how their wellbeing changes during a visit is not well understood. Music therapy has been successfully used in clinical practice to alleviate stress and anxiety in people. The present study aimed to understand how canine stress changes during a veterinary visit, establish the effect of music, and highlight measures which may be of practical use. In a randomized crossover design, dogs were exposed to no music and a bespoke piece of classical music at a tempo designed to match their resting heart rate during a mock veterinary visit. Dogs were scored as more “afraid” during the physical examination compared to when they were in the hospital kennel (p < 0.001). Salivary cortisol, IgA, and infrared temperature all increased significantly (p < 0.05) from baseline to post-kennel and post-examination, with no effect of music treatment. Core body temperature (p = 0.010) and the odds of ‘relaxed’ lips (p = 0.020) were lower when dogs were exposed to music compared to control visits. Overall, dogs experienced changes in physiology and behavior, indicative of increased stress, over the course of the visit. Additional research is required to further understand the effect that bespoke music may have in alleviating canine stress during veterinary visits.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Music on Stress Parameters in Dogs during a Mock Veterinary Visit

King¹,

Flint²,

Hunt³

et al. 2022

Animals

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“…It is also regarded that the holistic evaluation of stress in pet animals might not exclusively rely on physiological measurements but also consider behavioural parameters (Kartashova et al., 2021 ). Indeed, behavioural responses to mild stress or day‐to‐day situations might not be related to the endocrine physiological response but could be considered an early adaptive response to a stimulus/stress, and thus relevant in the context of the welfare evaluation of animals.…”

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of Bifidobacterium longum CNCM I‐5642 (PP102I) for cats and dogs (Nestlé Enterprises S.A.)

Bampidis¹,

Azimonti²,

Bastos³

et al. 2022

EFS2

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Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of Bifidobacterium longum CNCM I‐5642 (PP102I) when used as a feed additive for cats and dogs. The product under assessment consists of viable cells of a strain of B. longum , a species considered suitable for the qualified presumption of safety (QPS) approach to safety assessment. The strain was unambiguously identified as B. longum and was shown not to harbour antimicrobial resistance determinants for antibiotics of human and veterinary importance, thus meeting the QPS requirements. Following the QPS approach to safety assessment and since no concerns are expected from maltodextrin, the other component of the additive, PP102I was considered safe for the target species and the environment. Owing to the lack of data, no conclusions could be drawn on the skin/eye irritancy potential of PP102I. However, it should be considered a skin and respiratory sensitiser. The Panel was not in the position to conclude on the efficacy of PP102I for the target species.

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“…An equivalent to this system is the hypothalamic-pituitaryintrarenal (HPI) axis found in teleost fish [9,10]. Triggering of the system during stressful events elevates the production of corticosteroid hormones, resulting in higher levels of cortisol measured in the blood [11][12][13]. It is therefore possible to study stress in fish by monitoring the level of cortisol [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring Farmed Fish Welfare by Measurement of Cortisol as a Stress Marker in Fish Feces by Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Meling

Berge

Knudsen³

et al. 2022

Molecules

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The aquaculture industry has become a sustainable source of food for humans. Remaining challenges include disease issues and ethical concerns for the discomfort and stress of farmed fish. There is a need for reliable biomarkers to monitor welfare in fish, and the stress hormone cortisol has been suggested as a good candidate. This study presents a novel method for measurement of cortisol in fish feces based on enzymatic hydrolysis, liquid–liquid extraction, derivatization, and finally instrumental analysis by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Hydrolysis and extraction conditions were optimized. Cortisol appeared to be mostly conjugated to sulfate and less conjugated to glucuronic acid in the studied samples of feces from farmed Atlantic salmon. The method was suitable for quantification of cortisol after enzymatic deconjugation by either combined glucuronidase and sulfatase activity, or by glucuronidase activity alone. The limit of detection was 0.15 ng/g, the limit of quantification was 0.34 ng/g, and the method was linear (R2 > 0.997) up to 380 ng/g, for measurement of cortisol in wet feces. Method repeatability and intermediate precision were acceptable, both with a coefficient of variation (CV) of 11%. Stress level was high in fish released into seawater, and significantly reduced after eight days.

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How to evaluate and manage stress in dogs – A guide for veterinary specialist

Cited by 14 publications

References 107 publications

Effect of Music on Stress Parameters in Dogs during a Mock Veterinary Visit

Effect of Music on Stress Parameters in Dogs during a Mock Veterinary Visit

Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of Bifidobacterium longum CNCM I‐5642 (PP102I) for cats and dogs (Nestlé Enterprises S.A.)

Monitoring Farmed Fish Welfare by Measurement of Cortisol as a Stress Marker in Fish Feces by Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Tandem Mass Spectrometry

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