How to keep up with the analysis of classic and emerging neurotoxins: age-resolved fitness tests in the animal model Caenorhabditis elegans – a step-by-step protocol

Abstract

The global chemical inventory includes neurotoxins that are mostly interrogated concerning the biological response in developing organisms. Effects of pollutants on adults receive less attention, although vulnerabilities can be expected throughout the entire life span in young, middle-aged and old individuals. We use the animal model Caenorhabditis elegans to systematically quantify neurological outcomes by application of an age-resolved method. Adult hermaphrodite worms were exposed to pollutants or non-chemical stressors such as temperature in liquid culture on microtiter plates and locomotion fitness was analyzed in a whole-life approach. Cultivation at 15, 20 or 25 °C showed that worms held at 15 °C displayed an enhanced level of fitness concerning swimming movements until middle age (11-days-old) and then a decline. In contrast, C. elegans cultivated at ≥ 20 °C continually reduced their swimming movements with increasing age. Here, we provide a step-by-step protocol to investigate the health span of adult C. elegans that may serve as a platform for automation and data collection. Consistent with this, more neurotoxins can be investigated with respect to vulnerable age-groups as well as contributing non-chemical environmental factors such as temperature.

Exposome, Molecular Pathways and One Health: The Invertebrate Caenorhabditis elegans

“…A non-chemical stressor that recently has attained more attention is ambient temperature. Consistent with this, it was shown that until middle age, worms cultivated at 15 °C performed better in swimming tests in comparison with their counterparts that lived at 20 °C or 25 °C [ 42 ]. Such interrogation of the C. elegans health span provides a promising approach to characterize the biological response to pollutants in combination with the non-chemical exposure factor temperature and identify vulnerable, temperature sensitive age-groups.…”