How to Read Ethnography

Musical Facts and Sustainability of Trunthung Music in Eco-cultural Studies

“…The concept of ethnography has also been adopted in the conduct of the present study in order to attain more comprehensive data. Ethnography itself can be defined as a written description about social organizations, social activities, symbols, material sources, and interpretation practices of certain groups of people (Brewer, 2000;Gay y Blasco, 2006;Wilson, 2001) In analyzing the data that have been gathered, the researcher has established the correlation between the components within the ecosystem of Trunthung Music based on the musical facts and the data from the relationship between the Trunthung Music and its cultural and environmental factors. This correlation becomes the background aspects for the determination of musical ideation determination and its linkage to the ecosystem in the context of eco-culture that has been formed within the development of Trunthung Music (Brewer, 2000;Ninip, 2010).…”

Refleksi dan Naratif Self and Others: Kajian Sense of Place Anak Terhadap Lingkungan Tempat Tinggal Melalui Auto-Etnografi

“…Dalam penelitian etnografi, termasuk auto-etnografi, peneliti melakukan tindakan translasi melalui perbandingan, kontekstualisasi dan relasi/hubungan untuk memahami makna yang terkandung dalam suatu komunitas yang diteliti (Gay y Blasco & Wardle, 2007). Tindakan saya melakukan translasi untuk mengungkapkan bagaimana sense of place anak-anak di masa lalu berbeda dengan pemaknaan sense of place anak-anak di masa kini dari sudut pandang seorang anak (dulunya) dan seorang ibu (sekarang), adalah melalui perbandingan, kontekstualisasi dan relasi/hubungan antara pengalaman saya di masa kanak-kanak dan pengalaman saya sebagai ibu anak-anak saya di masa sekarang.…”

“…Jadi informan saya adalah orang-orang yang saya kenal dengan baik dan dekat dengan saya di masa lalu dan di masa kini. Laporan penelitian ini, juga dilakukan melalui observasi perjalanan diri saya sendiri (self) di masa kanak-kanak untuk memahami anak-anak saya (others) di masa sekarang (Gay y Blasco dan Wardle, 2007;Have, 2004). Observasi ini dilakuan untuk memahami mekanisme atau proses terbentuknya sense of place saya di masa kanak-kanak dan sense of place anak-anak saya sekrang.…”

The Roma In New Millennium Italian Fiction Films: Dissensus, Liminality, Emancipation

“…82 Both in cinematic and in real-life political terms, the Roma are potentially very engaging subjects; as indicated in this essay, however, until well into the new millennium, the cinematic politicization of the Roma was insufficiently nuanced, relegating them to a marginalized socio-economic degradation which frequently became synonymous with endemic criminality. This representation effectively reinforced the engrained prejudices that lead nearly half the Italian population, when interviewed, to associate the Roma primarily with delinquency.…”

“…Many non-Roma protagonists convey a disorientation experienced by increasingly broad sections of Italian society as they are immersed in neoliberalism's chaotic morass with little political, economic and social stability. The characters reflect Gay y Blasco's notion of the way majority society comprehends its own identity and its fragilities through interaction with the Roma, 38 who have withstood oppressive conditions for centuries. While there is an underlying implication in early 21 st century cinema that the Roma are better equipped to confront the uncertainties of liquid modernity than their Italian equivalents, there is also an inescapable sense that female Roma characters are used to enrich individuals from majority Italian society, with much less narrative impetus being directed towards the exploration of emancipatory possibilities for the Roma themselves.…”