How to recognize and treat herpes zoster infection?

Abstract

Herpes zoster (HZ) is a common, infectious vesicular dermatosis caused by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus (VZV). It is a common clinical problem, especially in people over 50 and immunocompromised patients. Treatment of HZ consists of antiviral drugs, analgesics in the control of acute pain and adequate topical therapy that prevents the occurrence of secondary infection and promotes healing process. This paper presents the most important information related to the etiology and pathogenesis of HZ, epidemiological data and so far known risk factors, the spectrum of clinical manifestations and methods used in the diagnosis of this disease. Therapeutic modalities used in the treatment of HZ and accompanying complications are especially presented, and the need for the timely introduction of antiviral therapy is emphasized, as well as the importance of preventive vaccination of older age groups. Herpes zoster, due to its frequency and associated complications, is a significant public health problem. Due to the global increase in the number of people with compromised immune systems, whether due to age, disease or immunosuppressive therapy, there has been a significant increase in population risk for HZ and postherpetic neuralgia as the most common complication of this disease. For that reason, as well as due to the possible role of HZ in the development of vasculopathy, strokes and heart attacks, experts strongly recommend prevention of HZ by comprehensive vaccination of the elderly.