How to Reduce Individuals’ Ecological Footprint without Harming Their Well-Being: An Application to Belgium

Abstract

Human activities are a key driver of many environmental problems the world is facing today, including climate change, the disruption of biogeochemical cycles, and biodiversity loss. Behavioural changes at the individual and household level are needed to reduce humanity’s environmental impact, but people also need the capacity to behave in a sustainable way. If their well-being is negatively impacted or if behaving sustainably is too time consuming or too expensive, people might be less inclined to change their behaviour. In this article, we look at the determinants of different types of pro-environmental behaviour and how these are associated with their experienced levels of well-being. More specifically, we focus on the determinants of behaviours that influence both the ecological footprint (EF) and satisfaction with life. In our analysis we include socio-demographic characteristics and a number of psychological antecedents of pro-environmental behaviour (PEB). The data we use was collected in Flanders (Belgium) and allows us to calculate the EF of each respondent individually. Our main conclusions are threefold. First, even if individuals are provided with opportunities to behave in a more sustainable way, they do not always do so (e.g., richer people on average have a higher EF). Efforts could be put in place at the collective side (e.g., public infrastructure) to stimulate people to reduce their environmental impact. Second, as we distinguish seven EF components, we are able to show differential effects of each of the determinants. Third, the association between PEB and satisfaction with life is not strong: only the type of housing is significantly associated with satisfaction with life. Related to that, the psychological antecedents of PEB are only associated with the EF, not with satisfaction with life.

Effects of personal environmental awareness and environmental concern on employees' voluntary pro-environmental behavior: a mediation analysis in emerging countries

“…Individual antecedents are closely examined in the context of psychology research, primarily focusing on out-of-work voluntary behaviors (Boiral et al. , 2015a, b), but paying less attention to those factors affecting such behavior at work (Defloor et al. , 2022).…”

Valuing Less. Investigating Meaning, Intrinsic Motivation and Wellbeing in Sufficiency Behaviour

“…It is therefore crucial to research the relationship between wellbeing and sufficiency behaviour, which we regard as a subtype of sustainable behaviour (see section 1.3). The current literature reports diverging findings regarding the relationship between proenvironmental behaviour and wellbeing including negative (Binder, Blankenberg, & Guardiola, 2020), null (Defloor, Bleys, Verhofstadt, & Van Ootegem, 2022;Herziger, Claborn, & Brooks, 2020) and positive effects (Schmitt, Aknin, Axsen, & Shwom, 2018;Venhoeven, Bolderdijk, & Steg, 2020). In a cross-cultural sample involving 7 countries and N = 6969 participants, Capstick et al (2022) found a consistent positive relationship of PEB and wellbeing.…”

“…There are several possible post-hoc explanations. Firstly, other studies also did not find a significant connection between sustainable behaviour and wellbeing (Defloor et al, 2022;Herziger et al, 2020). Secondly, sufficiency behaviour as a specification of general pro-environmental behaviour might differ in its connection to wellbeing, since it focuses more on the reduction of consumption.…”