“…Bonding is a central concept in the chemistry teaching, and therefore a thorough understanding of it is essential for understanding almost every other topic in chemistry such as carbon compounds, proteins, polymers, acids and bases, chemical energy, and thermodynamics (Fensham, 1975;Gillespie, 1997;Hurst, 2002). According to the literature, bonding is considered by teachers, students, and chemists to be a very complicated concept (Gabel, 1996;Robinson, 2003;Taber, 1998Taber, , 2001Tsaparlis, 1997).…”