HPLC‐DAD Analysis and Versatile Bioactivities of Turkish Sunflower Honeys Using Chemometric Approaches

Abstract

Sunflower honey (SH) is bright yellow, fragrant, pollen‐flavoured, slightly herbaceous and has a unique taste. The present research aims to examine the enzyme inhibitory, antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, antimicrobial and anti‐quorum sensing activities and phenolic compositions of 30 sunflower honeys (SHs) produced from several regions of Turkey with chemometric study. SAH from Samsun exhibited the best antioxidant activity in β‐carotene linoleic acid (IC50: 7.33±0.17 mg/mL) and CUPRAC (A0.50: 4.94±0.13 mg/mL) assays, anti‐urease activity (60.63±0.87 %) and anti‐inflammatory activity against COX‐1 (73.94±1.08 %) and COX‐2 (44.96±0.85 %). SHs exhibited mild antimicrobial activity against the test microorganisms while they showed high quorum sensing inhibition zones measured in the range of 42–52 mm against the CV026 strain. The phenolic composition was determined by high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC‐DAD) system and levulinic, gallic, p‐hydroxybenzoic, vanillic and p‐coumaric acids were identified in all studied SHs. The classification of SHs was performed the using PCA and HCA. This study revealed that phenolic compounds and biological properties are effective in classification of SHs according to their geographical origin. The results suggest that studied SHs could be valued as potential agents with versatile bioactivities in oxidative stress‐related disease, microbial infections, inflammation, melanoma, and peptic ulcer.

Citrus Honeys from Three Different Regions of Turkey: HPLC‐DAD Profiling and in Vitro Enzyme Inhibition, Antioxidant, Anti‐Inflammatory and Antimicrobial Properties with Chemometric Study

“…It can be thought that not only phenolic or organic acids but also a wide variety of other compounds in the content of honey could interact more comfortably with this active residue of COX‐1, causing higher activity [39,40] . In support of these results, 30 different sunflower honeys from Turkey have been presented to have better anti‐inflammatory activity against COX‐1 than COX‐2 [41] . 12 different chestnut honeys from Turkey have been noted as high anti‐inflammatory active on COX‐1 when compared to COX‐2 [42]…”

“…It has been determined that citrus honey shows high antimicrobial activity against P. aeruginosa at 12.5 % and 25 % w/v ratios compared to other honeys [15] . In previous studies, antimicrobial activities of citrus honeys from Taiwan and Egypt by using disc diffusion method were determined [2,41] …”

Extraction and Analysis of Chemical Compositions of Natural Products and Plants

“…Chromatographic coupling allows for obtaining gallic acid with a purity of 99.1% in a short time. In addition, the combination of high-performance liquid chromatography-diode-array detector (HPLC-DAD) was effective in separating and characterizing the composition of natural products [209].…”

Evaluation of raw materials for the development of honey-healthy dessert recipes

“…Research by (Balkanska and Shumkova, 2022) indicates that sunflower honey exhibits heightened antioxidant activity compared to polyfloral honey. Additionally, findings from (Emin Duru et al, 2023) underscore the robust antiuretic and anti-inflammatory properties of sunflower honey. Furthermore, (Şahin, 2021) discovered that honey showcases anticholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase enzyme activity, offering potential against Alzheimer's disease.…”