HPLC-DAD Screening and Antioxidant Activity of Phenolic Compounds of Salvia balansae de Noé Leaves Extract

Abstract

Salvia balansae de Noé is known to be an important source of a wide variety of non-toxic bioactive compounds with lack of information hinders exploitation in food and pharmaceutical industries as natural antioxidants. In this work, the phenolic compounds from S. balansae leaves were extracted using an ultrasound-assisted methodology and were separated and identified by HPLC-DAD. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by ABTS, and DPPH scavenging assays, Iron (Fe 2+ ) Chelating ability and reducing power (FRAP) tests. The total phenolic compounds (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were found with amounts of 49.63 ± 6.31 mg GAE/g DW and 8.14 ± 0.39 mg QE/g DW respectively. The ABTS, DPPH assays and metal chelating ability test demonstrated a higher antioxidant properties with IC50 values of 328.95 ± 5.29 µg/mL, 545.03 ± 3.27 µg/mL and 689.40 ± 0.86 µg/mL respectively. The reducing power at 700 nm increased considerably with concentration. In addition, the HPLC-DAD analysis showed that there were twelve detectable phenolic compounds and the benzoic acid, quercetin, myrecetin, hydroxyflavon, and ascorbic acid have been exclusively identified for the first time in S. balansae leaves extract and are rarely determined in other Salvia L. species. Therefore, these results provided new data about the main phenolic compounds present in S. balansae leaves extract with a strong antioxidant potential, which will be an alternative source for synthetic compounds.

In Vitro Antibacterial, Antioxidant, Anticholinesterase, and Antidiabetic Activities and Chemical Composition of Salvia balansae

“…Our findings exhibited a higher scavenging ability than those of Mahdjoub [27], who evaluated the hydroethanolic extract of S. balansae leaves and reported lower IC 50 values of 328.95 ± 5.29 and 545.03 ± 3.267 µg/mL for the ABTS and DPPH assays, respectively. Furthermore, Mekki [26] noticed that the antioxidant values of the aqueous extract of S. balansae leaves, as measured by the DPPH, ABTS, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) assays, had values higher than the standard used, which is Trolox.…”

“…Other compounds, such as 6,7-dihydroxycoumarin caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, coumarin, trans-2-hydroxycinnamic acid, and trans-cinnamic acid, were detected in trace amounts (Table 3 and Figure 1). To the best of our knowledge, only the study of Mahdjoub [27] investigated the qualitative-quantitative analysis of phenolic compounds of an extract of S. balansae leaves. The HPLC-DAD analysis showed that there were 12 detectable phenolic compounds, and the total identified compound amounts ranged from 0.26 to 71.11 mg/g DW, representing two major classes: phenolic acids and flavonoids.…”

“…HPLC-DAD revealed the abundance of two main classes, phenolic acids and flavonoids, with high amounts of tannic acid, benzoic acid, gallic acid, and ascorbic acid. The flavonoids myricetin and catechin derivatives of the flavonoids myricetin and catechin were also identified as minor compounds [27].…”

“…One is by Mekki et al [26] and deals with the therapeutic effects of the species on metabolic disorders and testicular dysfunction mediated by a highfat diet in Wistar rats. The second was published by Mahdjoub et al [27], and in it, the phenolic compounds of S. balansae leaves were extracted, separated, and identified by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) with antioxidant activity evaluation. These studies constitute the first contributions to the knowledge about the chemical composition of this species, as well as its biological activities.…”