HPLC-MS/MS Method for the Measurement of Insecticide Degradates in Baby Food

Radford, Samantha A.; Panuwet, Parinya; Hunter, Ronald E.; Barr, Dana Boyd; Ryan, P. Barry

doi:10.1021/jf500779a

Cited by 20 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Traditionally the determination of CP and CPM and their metabolites in different matrices, including biological specimens, have been performed using GC-MS and LC-MS (Koch et al 2001;Olsson et al 2004;Curwin et al 2010;Martínez-Domínguez et al 2014;Radford et al 2014;Soares et al 2019).…”

Section: Validation Of the Analytical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal Assessment of Chlorpyrifos Exposure in Farmers and Residents of an Italian Alpine Region

Paglia

Greco

Carli³

et al. 2021

Expo Health

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The aim of this study was to obtain a longitudinal evaluation of the exposure to chlorpyrifos (CP) and chlorpyrifos-methyl (CPM) in agricultural workers in South Tyrol and in a residential group living in the same area. CP and CPM are widely used pesticides in agriculture. Biological monitoring of CP and CPM exposure in humans can be achieved by analyzing urinary levels of 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy). TCPy a metabolite of CP and CPM which is produced by a two-step metabolic transformation. Between May 14th, 2014 and March 16th, 2015 we conducted a longitudinal study on 28 farmers actively working in spray pesticide treatment and 43 non-farmers living in the same agricultural area of South Tyrol (Italy). Urine samples were collected at two time points: during the pesticide treatment period and in a temporally distant season that should guarantee metabolite clearance. We developed and validated a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method for the determination of urinary TCPy levels. During the treatment season, both farmers and residents showed higher TCPy levels (median = 6.8 and 6.73 ug/g creatinine, respectively) than during the non-treatment season (median = 2.54 and 3.22 ug/g creatinine, respectively), suggesting a similar effect of the pesticide spraying on both groups. However, the observed TCPy levels resulted in a daily CP and CPM intake well below the limits recommended by FAO/WHO. During the non-treatment season, non-farmers showed higher TCPy levels values than farmers, suggesting the existence of TCPy of other unmeasured sources of exposure not considered in this study. This suggests that, for a comprehensive evaluation of the risks associated with TCPy exposure, additional sources should be identified in addition to CP and CPM pesticides.

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Section: Validation Of the Analytical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal Assessment of Chlorpyrifos Exposure in Farmers and Residents of an Italian Alpine Region

Paglia

Greco

Carli³

et al. 2021

Expo Health

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“…Pyrethrins, pyrethroids, and some OP insecticides also are susceptible to photolysis in both soil and water [ 6 , 7 ]. The degradation products formed are often identical to urinary insecticide metabolites [ 8 ]. If these metabolites are not further broken down in the human body, their use as BOEs will lead to overestimation of insecticide exposure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation of Organophosphorus and Pyrethroid Insecticides in Beverages: Implications for Risk Assessment

Radford

Panuwet

Hunter

et al. 2018

Toxics

Self Cite

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Since urinary insecticide metabolites are commonly used as biomarkers of exposure, it is important that we quantify whether insecticides degrade in food and beverages in order to better perform risk assessment. This study was designed to quantify degradation of organophosphorus and pyrethroid insecticides in beverages. Purified water, white grape juice, orange juice, and red wine were fortified with 500 ng/mL diazinon, malathion, chlorpyrifos, permethrin, cyfluthrin, cypermethrin, and deltamethrin, and aliquots were extracted several times over a 15-day storage period at 2.5 °C. Overall, statistically significant loss of at least one insecticide was observed in each matrix, and at least five out of seven insecticides demonstrated a statistically significant loss in all matrices except orange juice. An investigation of an alternative mechanism of insecticide loss—adsorption onto the glass surface of the storage jars—was carried out, which indicated that this mechanism of loss is insignificant. Results of this work suggest that insecticides degrade in these beverages, and this degradation may lead to pre-existing insecticide degradates in the beverages, suggesting that caution should be exercised when using urinary insecticide metabolites to assess exposure and risk.

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“…Organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) are widely used in agricultural fields because of their high-performance, easy degradation and relatively moderate environmental persistence, compared with other pesticides. [1][2][3] Because of extensive and incorrect applications, OP residues in food have the potential to harm human health because of their high toxicity. 4,5 The presence of OPs cause the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) by forming a covalent bond with the catalytic serine residue that is reversible, leading to the accumulation of acetylcholine in the body and the delayed damage of the nervous system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Organophosphorus Pesticides with Colorimetry and Computer Image Analysis

Hou

Lei

et al. 2016

ANAL. SCI.

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Organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) represent a very important class of pesticides that are widely used in agriculture because of their relatively high-performance and moderate environmental persistence, hence the sensitive and specific detection of OPs is highly significant. Based on the inhibitory effect of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) induced by inhibitors, including OPs and carbamates, a colorimetric analysis was used for detection of OPs with computer image analysis of color density in CMYK (cyan, magenta, yellow and black) color space and non-linear modeling. The results showed that there was a gradually weakened trend of yellow intensity with the increase of the concentration of dichlorvos. The quantitative analysis of dichlorvos was achieved by Artificial Neural Network (ANN) modeling, and the results showed that the established model had a good predictive ability between training sets and predictive sets. Real cabbage samples containing dichlorvos were detected by colorimetry and gas chromatography (GC), respectively. The results showed that there was no significant difference between colorimetry and GC (P > 0.05). The experiments of accuracy, precision and repeatability revealed good performance for detection of OPs. AChE can also be inhibited by carbamates, and therefore this method has potential applications in real samples for OPs and carbamates because of high selectivity and sensitivity.

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HPLC-MS/MS Method for the Measurement of Insecticide Degradates in Baby Food

Cited by 20 publications

References 25 publications

Longitudinal Assessment of Chlorpyrifos Exposure in Farmers and Residents of an Italian Alpine Region

Longitudinal Assessment of Chlorpyrifos Exposure in Farmers and Residents of an Italian Alpine Region

Degradation of Organophosphorus and Pyrethroid Insecticides in Beverages: Implications for Risk Assessment

Detection of Organophosphorus Pesticides with Colorimetry and Computer Image Analysis

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