HPV genotypes and epidemiology in women cervical cancer in Senegal.  

Abstract

Background Cases of cervical cancer are increasing steadily in sub-Saharan Africa, with over 75,000 new cases and nearly 50,000 deaths a year (Mboumba et al., 2017). In Senegal, pathologies such as cervical cancer are one of the top causes of death and the Human papillomavirus (HPV) is its aetiological agent (Steenbergen et al., 2005). Methods The aim of the study is to analyse the distribution of HPV among Senegalese women with cervical cancer. The main objective of this study is to identify the HPV types associated or “co-associated” with cervical oncogenesis in Senegal. The association with the risk factors of cervin carcinogenesis were analysed as well. Cervical biopsies were performed on the women admitted to Aristide Hospital Le Dantec-Julio Curie Institute. Three methods were used to detect HPV genotypes: SANGER sequencing genotyping (Applied BioSystems), PCR real-time approach technique (HPV 16 & 18 RealTime PCR kit) (www.bioneer.co.kr) and the genotyping approach from Chippron (HPV kit 3.5 LCDArray) (info@chipron.com).Results In this study, 24.16% of monoinfections and 75.83% of multiple infections (co-infections) were noted and the majority were at high risk (HR-HPV types). It appears that the HPV genotypes 16, 18 and 45 are the most found in tumors. The most common types of HPV in our study were HPV 16 (100%), 18 (83%), 45 (33%), 33 (31%), 59 (28%), 35 (12%), 31 (11%), 58 (8%), 39 and 73 (4%), 44, 54 and 68 (3%). In the Dakar region, which had the highest number of cases, a prevalence of 17.89% of HR-HPV co-infections was found and the majority of our patients were on a polygamous diet. Polygamy could therefore be a cofactor in the occurrence of cervical cancer in Senegalese women.Conclusion Polygamy could represent a cofactor in the occurrence of cervical cancer in Senegalese women. No association was found between high-risk HPV co-infections and cancer stages. However, an increase of our cohort would be necessary to affirm these hypotheses.