HPV prevalence and genotype distribution among women in eastern China during the Covid-19 pandemic

Abstract

Since March 2020, the pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has affected nearly all aspects of daily life. In this study, we investigated the age-stratified prevalence and genotype distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) among females in Shandong province (eastern China) and aimed to provide guidance on HPV-based cervical cancer screening and vaccination. The distribution of HPV genotypes was analyzed using PCR-Reverse Dot Hybridization. The overall infection rate of HPV was 16.4%, which was dominated by high-risk genotypes. The most prevalent genotype was HPV16 (2.9%), followed by HPV52 (2.3%), HPV53 (1.8%), HPV58 (1.5%), and HPV51 (1.3%). Among the positive cases with HPV infection, single-genotype infection was significantly higher than that of multi-genotype infection. In subgroup analyses by age (≤25, 26–35, 36–45, 46–55, >55), HPV16, 52, and 53 were consistently the three most common hrHPV genotypes in all age groups. The infection rate of multi-genotypes in the ≤25 and >55 age groups was significantly higher than that in other age groups. A bimodal distribution of HPV infection rate was observed in different age groups. Among lrHPV genotypes, HPV6, HPV11, and HPV81 were the three most common types in the ≤25 age group, while in other age groups, HPV81, HPV42, and HPV43 are the three most common lrHPV genotypes. This study provides basic information on the distribution and genotypes of HPV in the female population in eastern China, which could improve the application of HPV diagnostic probes and vaccines.

The prevalence and genotype distribution of human papillomavirus in central Fujian Province during the COVID-19 pandemic

“…Our results suggest that the prevalence of high-risk HPV52, 53, 58, and 51, as well as low-risk HPV81, 42, and 43, was widespread across all age categories. Remarkably, the predominant low-risk variants detected in patients aged ≤ 24 years were HPV6 and HPV11, consistent with earlier research in Shandong [ 14 ]. Considering the association of HPV6 and HPV11 with the most common warts and verruca acuminate [ 28 ], prioritizing HPV vaccination with 4-valent and 9-valent vaccines for younger individuals postepidemic is crucial.…”

“…These findings may be related to the differences in the prevalence of HPV between the two groups: the healthy group underwent physical examination, and most of the subjects in the patient group were seeking medical intervention, such as gynecopathies. The general infection rates in this study were lower than those in previous surveys in Central Fujian (38.3%, χ2 = 2169.7, P < 0.0005) [ 11 ], Zhejiang (22.3%, χ2 = 600.96, P < 0.001) [ 10 ], and Shanghai (Putuo Hospital) (18.8%, χ2 = 76.9, P < 0.005) [ 12 ] but greater than that in Xi’an (13.5%, χ2 = 52.8, P < 0.01) [ 13 ] and Shandong (16.4%, χ2 = 1.2, P > 0.1) [ 14 ]. The percentage in the healthy group was greater than that in the Putian group (9.6%, χ2 = 92.52, P < 0.005) [ 15 ] and lower than that in the Zhejiang group (13.6%, χ2 = 15.8, P < 0.025) [ 10 ], Fujian group (a cross-sectional study) (16.2%, χ2 = 24.3, P < 0.025) [ 16 ], and Beijing group (11.9%, χ2 = 0.16, P > 0.1) [ 9 ].…”

Safety Assessment of Concurrent Vaccination with the HPV Vaccine and the COVID-19 Vaccine in Fujian Province, China: A Retrospective Study

“…Census data for the total population of Fujian were obtained from the seventh census. Compared with other provinces, Fujian Province has a higher HPV infection rate (33.3% vs. 16.4%) [ 18 , 19 ]. Moreover, the HPV vaccine was not included in the national immunization program in China.…”

The current state of the problem of cervical screening

“…ВПЛ -це тісно споріднені віруси, які класифіковані та пронумеровані відповідно до їхнього секвенування нуклеїнових кислот і порядку відкриття (Okunade et al, 2020). Відомо, що в людини існує понад 200 типів ВПЛ (Ma et al, 2023), причому близько 30 із них передаються під час статевого контакту до статевих органів, де 14 типів (класифіковані як канцерогени групи 1) пов'язані з раком шийки матки. Принаймні один із цих типів ВПЛ причетний до майже всіх випадків плоскоклітинної карциноми шийки.…”