HPV Vaccine: Updates and Highlights

Oliveira, Cristina Mendes de; Fregnani, José Humberto Tavares Guerreiro; Villa, Luisa L.

doi:10.1159/000497617

Cited by 76 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…The efficacy of the HPV vaccination program is based mainly on the coverage of vaccination and the prevalence of HPV species in the population. We have shown that the HPV prevalence is different in the most populated (Table 2) [2,[4][5][6][7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…HPV is a circular double-stranded DNA virus that belongs to the Papillomaviridae family with more than 200 types, classified into 5 genera: α, β, γ, μ, and ν. Thirteen Acta Cytologica 2020;64:420-424 DOI: 10.1159/000506725 members of the α genus are classified as oncogenic or high-risk (HR)-HPV by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. HPV-16 is the most frequent oncogenic HPV type (3.2%), followed by HPV-18 (1.4%), HPV-52 (0.9%), HPV-31 (0.8%), and HPV-58 (0.7%) [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first 4-valent vaccine, designed against HPV-6, HPV-11, HPV-16, and HPV-18, was approved in 2006 and is meant to be administered before the beginning of sexual activity. There are 2 other vaccines: the 2-valent vaccine against HPV-16 and HPV-18 and the most recently developed 9-valent vaccine that also covers the HR-HPV-31, HPV-33, HPV-45, HPV-52, and HPV-58 types [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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HPV Genotype Prevalence and Success of Vaccination to Prevent Cervical Cancer

et al. 2020

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Background: Nearly 500,000 new cases of cervical cancer are estimated annually worldwide. Three vaccines are currently licensed to prevent cervical cancer. The success of vaccination depends mainly on the prevalence of HPV genotypes, and many cases of HPV infection have been diagnosed after vaccination. Our aim was to search for HPV genotyping in cervical samples to verify the proportion of women that remain susceptible to infection even after vaccination. Methods: 21,017 liquid-based cervical (LBC) specimens were received for cytology and HPV detection from 2015 to 2018. Before slide preparations for cytology, a 1,000-μL aliquot was taken from the LBC fixative and subjected to automated DNA extraction and multiplex PCR followed by capillary electrophoresis to detect and classify HPV. Results: HPV was detected in 895 (4.3%) specimens. The most prevalent genotype was HPV-16, followed by HPV-58 and HPV-66. A total of 258 (28.8%) cases were positive for high-risk (HR)-HPV types (66, 59, 39, 56, 30, 35, 53, 51, 68, 82, and 70) that are not covered by the HPV vaccines. Conclusion: A significant proportion of HPV types detected in cytological specimens are representative of HR-HPV not covered by the available vaccines. The health system should be aware of the considerable percentage of women who are not being immunized and will continue to need cervical cancer screening.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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HPV Genotype Prevalence and Success of Vaccination to Prevent Cervical Cancer

et al. 2020

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“…Low-risk genotypes 6 and 11 mainly cause cervical, vulvar and vaginal low-grade lesions, and are responsible for 90% of the anogenital warts or condyloma acuminatum. [1][2][3] Vaccination represents one of the most cost-effective public health measures. The development of the prophylactic vaccine against HPV, with the aim of preventing the initial infection and subsequent neoplastic transformation, has generated some controversy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The nonavalent vaccine in the two-dose scheme replaced the quadrivalent vaccine in January 2017, and has been covering girls aged 10 years. [2][3][4][5][6] Vaccination in males is recommended by several national and international scientific societies, and its introduction into the immunisation schedule is currently being discussed in Portugal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention of Human Papillomavirus Infection. Beyond Cervical Cancer: A Brief Review

Medeiros¹,

Vaz²,

Rebelo³

et al. 2020

Acta Med Port

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Introduction: Human papillomavirus is responsible for almost all cases of cervical cancer, an important portion of anogenital and oropharyngeal invasive and preinvasive lesions, as well as genital warts (condyloma acuminatum) and recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. Currently, three prophylactic vaccines against high-risk Human papillomavirus are commercialized in many countries worldwide. Methods: To this non-systematic review the authors searched in MEDLINE/PubMed for systematic reviews, meta-analysis and randomized controlled trials, published in the last six years, using the terms “HPV”, “non-cervical cancer” and “vaccine”. Non-cervical cancers caused by human papillomavirus are less common lesions. However, its incidence has been increasing, while cervical cancer has declined, due mainly to highly effective screening programs. There are no formal screening programs for non-cervical cancers, so universal vaccination could have an important impact. The preventive effect of the vaccine is mainly studied and established in relation to cervical cancer, although it has also been demonstrated in the development of vulvar and vaginal lesions. To date, the efficacy in preventing anal and oropharyngeal diseases related with human papillomavirus is uncertain due to scarce supporting data and low vaccination coverage in men. The prevalence of injuries and subsequent absolute benefit of vaccination is lower in men, but it provides an additional benefit to the herd immunity achieved with the vaccination of women.Conclusion: The total fraction of malignant and pre-malignant lesions attributed to Human papillomavirus genotypes contained in the nonavalent vaccine is significant in both women and men, which turns this vaccine into a great asset in terms of Public Health.

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Epidemiology and persistence of cervical human papillomavirus infection among outpatient women in Heilongjiang province: A retrospective cohort study

Liu

Yafeng

Wang

et al. 2020

Journal of Medical Virology

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As persistent carcinogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a prominent driver of cervical cancer, it is essential to explore HPV persistence and its associated factors for cancer screening and prevention. A retrospective cohort study was performed in outpatient women between March 2010 and 2019 in Heilongjiang, northeast China. HPV genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction‐membrane hybridization. An unconditional logistic regression model was used to analyze the association of factors with persistence. The overall prevalence of HPV at baseline was 27.1%, with a downward trend from 2010 to 2019 (P < .0001). The most commonly observed high‐ and low‐risk HPVs were HPV16 (N = 1094, 5.9%) and HPV11 (N = 596, 3.2%), respectively. The probabilities of 6‐month persistence were high for women infected with HPV16 (P = .0001), HPV58 (P = .018), and HPV53 (P = .014), as well as for women with multiple infections (P = .009), and those who were 51 to 60 years old (P = .004) or more than 60 years old (P = .007). The probabilities of 12‐month persistence were high for women infected with HPV53 (P = .017) and 51‐ to 60‐year‐old women (P = .044). HPV16 is the dominant HPV type in Heilongjiang. An age in the range of 51 to 60 years and infection with HPV53 is associated with HPV infection persistence in the Heilongjiang population.

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HPV Vaccine: Updates and Highlights

Cited by 76 publications

References 72 publications

HPV Genotype Prevalence and Success of Vaccination to Prevent Cervical Cancer

HPV Genotype Prevalence and Success of Vaccination to Prevent Cervical Cancer

Prevention of Human Papillomavirus Infection. Beyond Cervical Cancer: A Brief Review

Epidemiology and persistence of cervical human papillomavirus infection among outpatient women in Heilongjiang province: A retrospective cohort study

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