Human and Mouse Mononuclear Phagocyte Networks: A Tale of Two Species?

Abstract

Dendritic cells (DCs), monocytes, and macrophages are a heterogeneous population of mononuclear phagocytes that are involved in antigen processing and presentation to initiate and regulate immune responses to pathogens, vaccines, tumor, and tolerance to self. In addition to their afferent sentinel function, DCs and macrophages are also critical as effectors and coordinators of inflammation and homeostasis in peripheral tissues. Harnessing DCs and macrophages for therapeutic purposes has major implications for infectious disease, vaccination, transplantation, tolerance induction, inflammation, and cancer immunotherapy. There has been a paradigm shift in our understanding of the developmental origin and function of the cellular constituents of the mononuclear phagocyte system. Significant progress has been made in tandem in both human and mouse mononuclear phagocyte biology. This progress has been accelerated by comparative biology analysis between mouse and human, which has proved to be an exceptionally fruitful strategy to harmonize findings across species. Such analyses have provided unexpected insights and facilitated productive reciprocal and iterative processes to inform our understanding of human and mouse mononuclear phagocytes. In this review, we discuss the strategies, power, and utility of comparative biology approaches to integrate recent advances in human and mouse mononuclear phagocyte biology and its potential to drive forward clinical translation of this knowledge. We also present a functional framework on the parallel organization of human and mouse mononuclear phagocyte networks.

Human glioblastoma‐associated microglia/monocytes express a distinct RNA profile compared to human control and murine samples

“…In contrast to murine samples, which allow the use of truly na€ ıve and age-matched samples, this is not possible for the human setting. This might be especially interesting in the light of an ongoing discussion about the reliability of animal models to study human immune activation (Mestas and Hughes, 2004;Reynolds and Haniffa, 2015;Shay et al, 2013). In contrast, the average donor age for the glioblastoma samples was 59 years.…”

Pseudomonas aeruginosa promotes autophagy to suppress macrophage-mediated bacterial eradication

“…After internalization, phagocytosed bacteria are intracellularly killed via oxygen-dependent or -independent mechanisms [7,16,17]. Studies have demonstrated that treatment with rapamycin decreased ROS generation, NO production and NF-κB activation in LPS-activated rat hepatocytes [36].…”

“…Mononeuclear phagocyte system (MPS) is one of the most important components in the host immune system [7]. MPS system consists of the phagocytic cells located in reticular connective tissue, including monocytes, macrophages, as well as specialized macrophages like Kupffer cells, Langerhans cells, microglia and osteoclasts [7].…”

“…MPS system consists of the phagocytic cells located in reticular connective tissue, including monocytes, macrophages, as well as specialized macrophages like Kupffer cells, Langerhans cells, microglia and osteoclasts [7]. These cells recognize invading pathogens via distinct pattern recognition receptors expressed on the cell surface [8][9][10], and initiate the innate immune defense response.…”

Differentiation of human monocytes and derived subsets of macrophages and dendritic cells by the HLDA10 monoclonal antibody panel

“…Monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) have an important role in tissue homeostasis, innate immune responses and initiation of adaptive immunity and traditionally comprise the mononuclear phagocyte system 1 , 2 . Recent data based predominantly on experiments in the mouse suggest that their ontogeny is rather diverse: monocytes and DCs are short‐lived bone marrow‐derived leukocytes that share the monocyte–macrophage DC progenitor as their last common haematopoietic precursor 1 , 3 .…”