2021
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82290-5
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Human, animal, water source interactions and leptospirosis in Thailand

Abstract: In Thailand, leptospirosis is primarily associated with those who work in agricultural occupations. Leptospirosis control is hampered by a poor understanding of the complex interactions between humans, animal reservoirs, Leptospira, and the variable spatial environment in which these factors coexist. We aimed to address key knowledge gaps concerning leptospirosis disease dynamics and the human–animal–water-source interface in two high-risk areas in Thailand. We conducted a cross-sectional survey among 746 stud… Show more

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Cited by 39 publications
(39 citation statements)
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“…It is increasingly recognized that dogs can also shed other Leptospira serovars or species in the absence of clinical signs, raising concerns for zoonotic transmission [14,15]. In dogs, Leptospira infection is usually associated with activities that include drinking from an infected water sources, swimming in contaminated water, or eating food that has been exposed to contaminated water or potentially infected by rodents or others carrier wildlife [16]. Since dogs act as bridge between wildlife and humans, they could be used as a useful indicator of the presence and distribution of the bacteria in specific areas [17,18].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It is increasingly recognized that dogs can also shed other Leptospira serovars or species in the absence of clinical signs, raising concerns for zoonotic transmission [14,15]. In dogs, Leptospira infection is usually associated with activities that include drinking from an infected water sources, swimming in contaminated water, or eating food that has been exposed to contaminated water or potentially infected by rodents or others carrier wildlife [16]. Since dogs act as bridge between wildlife and humans, they could be used as a useful indicator of the presence and distribution of the bacteria in specific areas [17,18].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…through contaminated water [ 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ]. Due to close contact with soil, natural water sources and farm animals, workers on dairy farms and slaughterhouses, harvesters and veterinarians are also at a higher risk of exposure [ 24 , 32 , 33 , 34 ]. Pet animals, especially rats, are also a potential source of infection [ 35 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Freeranging cattle systems can increase transmission of leptospirosis by exposing human to contaminated environment by cattle urine and leptospires [55]. Water-source sharing of cattle and human can influence the risk of Leptospira exposure [64]. In low-income rural communities, cattle appear more important than rats for maintaining the transmission of leptospirosis [65].…”
Section: Likely Agro-environmental Determinants Of Leptospirosismentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Second, socioeconomic factors should be taken into account, such as the access to safe water or the wastewater management. A recent study emphasized the lack of access to safe water in Northeast Thailand [64]. These knowledge gaps could be filled by carrying out intensive screening for rodents in sites with high and low transmission, supplemented by a survey of socio-economic factors (professional behavior, access to drinking water and water management).…”
Section: Strength and Limitations Of The Studymentioning
confidence: 99%