Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal cells differentiate and mature into endocrine pancreatic lineage in vivo

Aspects of Urological Tissue Engineering

“…A highly characterized population of cells that fits this definition is mesenchymal stem cells that have been described to differentiate into adipocytes, osteocytes, chondrocytes, and others. (Pittenger, 1999, Phadnis, 2011 …”

“…(Akashi, 2000) Also residing in the bone marrow are non-hematopoietic multipotent mesenchymal stem cells capable of variable cellular differentiation as previously described. (Takahashi, 2007;Ko, 2009;Phadnis, 2011) The frequency of which bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells are found within long bones is approximately 0.001% to 0.1% of nucleated cells which include adipocytes, macrophages, osteoblasts, and reticular connective tissue. (Pittenger, 1999) Therefore, fibroblast cells that reside in the bone marrow are not synonymous with mesenchymal stem cells.…”

The use of mesenchymal stromal cells in solid organ transplantation

“…MSCs have the ability to differentiate into insulin-producing cells both in vitro [70] and in vivo in animals [71,72] and humans [73,74]. Moreover, autologous [75], syngeneic [76][77][78] or allogeneic [78][79][80] MSCs have demonstrated immunomodu latory properties in animal models of islet transplantation.…”

Pancreatic progenitors: The shortest route to restore islet cell mass

“…13 Over the last few years; there has been great success in driving stem cells toward insulin-expressing cells. Thus, it appears logical to explore the promise of stem cells/progenitors of resident within the adult pancreas as they are multipotent 14 and can be programmed with ease compared with non β-cell progenitors, [15][16][17] which may serve as sources of islet cell surrogates.…”