Human central nervous system tissue culture: a historical review and examination of recent advances

Walsh, Kimberley; Megyesi, Joseph F.; Hammond, Robert

doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2004.09.002

Cited by 35 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 160 publications

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“…pigs [49] and human fetal brain tissue [50,51] have been used. Most organotypic brain slice cultures derive from early postnatal (P0-P7) animals, although attempts to culture adolescent or adult rat brain tissue have been recently made [52][53][54].…”

Section: Short History Of Disease Models Methods and Type Of Donor Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Organotypic Hippocampal Slice Cultures for Studies of Brain Damage, Neuroprotection and Neurorepair

Poulsen²,

et al. 2005

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Slices of developing brain tissue can be grown for several weeks as so-called organotypic slice cultures. Here we summarize and review studies using hippocampal slice cultures to investigate mechanisms and treatment strategies for the neurodegenerative disorders like stroke (cerebral ischemia), Alzheimer's disease (AD) and epilepsia. Studies of non-excitotoxic neurotoxic compounds and the experimental use of slice cultures in studies of HIV neurotoxicity, traumatic brain injury (TBI) and neurogenesis are included. For cerebral ischemia, experimental models with oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) and exposure to glutamate receptor agonists (excitotoxins) are reviewed. For epilepsia, focus is on induction of seizures with effects on neuronal loss, axonal sprouting and neurogenesis. For Alzheimer's disease, the review centers on the use of beta-amyloid (Abeta) in different models, while the section on repair is focused on neurogenesis and cell migration. The culturing techniques, set-up of models, and analytical tools, including markers for neurodegeneration, like the fluorescent dye propidium iodide (PI), are reviewed and discussed. Comparisons are made between hippocampal slice cultures and other in vitro models using dispersed cell cultures, experimental in vivo models, and in some instances, clinical trials. New techniques including slice culturing of hippocampal tissue from transgenic mice as well as more mature brain tissue, and slice cultures coupled to microelectrode arrays (MEAs), on-line biosensor monitoring, and time-lapse fluorescence microscopy are also presented.

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Section: Short History Of Disease Models Methods and Type Of Donor Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Organotypic Hippocampal Slice Cultures for Studies of Brain Damage, Neuroprotection and Neurorepair

Poulsen²,

et al. 2005

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“…In addition, a recent report suggested inhibition of full functional in vitro development of myelination by serum [24]. Thus, some serum-free systems have been developed in an attempt to eliminate the inherent variability with serum [25] and NMJ formation in serum-free media has been demonstrated in rat [26] and cross species between human MN and rat muscle [27]. In general, in vitro systems composed of animal-derived components have provided the scientific community with readily available models for understanding NMJ synaptogenesis and NMJ-related diseases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuromuscular junction formation between human stem cell-derived motoneurons and human skeletal muscle in a defined system

et al. 2011

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Functional in vitro models composed of human cells will constitute an important platform in the next generation of system biology and drug discovery. This study reports a novel human-based in vitro Neuromuscular Junction (NMJ) system developed in a defined serum-free medium and on a patternable non-biological surface. The motoneurons and skeletal muscles were derived from fetal spinal stem cells and skeletal muscle stem cells. The motoneurons and skeletal myotubes were completely differentiated in the co-culture based on morphological analysis and electrophysiology. NMJ formation was demonstrated by phase contrast microscopy, immunocytochemistry and the observation of motoneuron-induced muscle contractions utilizing time lapse recordings and their subsequent quenching by D-Tubocurarine. Generally, functional human based systems would eliminate the issue of species variability during the drug development process and its derivation from stem cells bypasses the restrictions inherent with utilization of primary human tissue. This defined human-based NMJ system is one of the first steps in creating functional in vitro systems and will play an important role in understanding NMJ development, in developing high information content drug screens and as test beds in preclinical studies for spinal or muscular diseases/injuries such as muscular dystrophy, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and spinal cord repair.

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“…Cell cultures derived from nervous system tissue have proven to be powerful tools for elucidating cellular mechanisms of nervous system function [18]. The effect of chemicals, drugs, natural products or even growth factors on neurite outgrowth can be quantified by enumerating the number of cells that bear neurites using in vitro cell line model [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pleurotus giganteus (Berk.) Karunarathna & K.D. Hyde: Nutritional value and in vitro neurite outgrowth activity in rat pheochromocytoma cells

Phan

Wong

David

et al. 2012

BMC Complement Altern Med

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BackgroundDrugs dedicated to alleviate neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s have always been associated with debilitating side effects. Medicinal mushrooms which harness neuropharmacological compounds offer a potential possibility for protection against such diseases. Pleurotus giganteus (formerly known as Panus giganteus) has been consumed by the indigenous people in Peninsular Malaysia for many years. Domestication of this wild mushroom is gaining popularity but to our knowledge, medicinal properties reported for this culinary mushroom are minimal.MethodsThe fruiting bodies P. giganteus were analysed for its nutritional values. Cytotoxicity of the mushroom’s aqueous and ethanolic extracts towards PC12, a rat pheochromocytoma cell line was assessed by using 3-[4,5-dimethythiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Neurite outgrowth stimulation assay was carried out with nerve growth factor (NGF) as control. To elucidate signaling mechanisms involved by mushroom extract-induced neurite outgrowth, treatment of specific inhibitor for MEK/ERK and PI3K signalling pathway was carried out.ResultsThe fruiting bodies of P. giganteus were found to have high carbohydrate, dietary fibre, potassium, phenolic compounds and triterpenoids. Both aqueous and ethanolic extracts induced neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells in a dose- and time-dependant manner with no detectable cytotoxic effect. At day 3, 25 μg/ml of aqueous extract and 15 μg/ml of ethanolic extract showed the highest percentage of neurite-bearing cells, i.e. 31.7 ± 1.1% and 33.3 ± 0.9%; respectively. Inhibition treatment results suggested that MEK/ERK and PI3K/Akt are responsible for neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells stimulated by P. giganteus extract. The high potassium content (1345.7 mg/100 g) may be responsible for promoting neurite extension, too.ConclusionsP. giganteus contains bioactive compounds that mimic NGF and are responsible for neurite stimulation. Hence, this mushroom may be developed as a nutraceutical for the mitigation of neurodegenerative diseases.

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Human central nervous system tissue culture: a historical review and examination of recent advances

Cited by 35 publications

References 160 publications

Organotypic Hippocampal Slice Cultures for Studies of Brain Damage, Neuroprotection and Neurorepair

Organotypic Hippocampal Slice Cultures for Studies of Brain Damage, Neuroprotection and Neurorepair

Neuromuscular junction formation between human stem cell-derived motoneurons and human skeletal muscle in a defined system

Pleurotus giganteus (Berk.) Karunarathna & K.D. Hyde: Nutritional value and in vitro neurite outgrowth activity in rat pheochromocytoma cells

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