Human chemerin correlation in gingival crevicular fluid and tear fluid as markers of inflammation in chronic periodontitis and type‐2 diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Human chemerin can be considered as possible GCF and tear-fluid markers of inflammatory activity in CP and DM.

Antimicrobial and Attractant Roles for Chemerin in the Oral Cavity during Inflammatory Gum Disease

“…Previous studies reported significantly higher levels of chemerin in saliva from periodontitis patients compared with gingivitis patients and healthy controls (13), and in GCF samples from periodontitis patients compared with healthy controls (14). Although in our studies we did not directly compare chemerin levels in saliva or GCF samples within the same groups of patients, chemerin levels were similar in GCF samples from periodontitis and gingivitis patients, with a trend for highler levels in the periodontitis group (Table 2).…”

“…In common with other AMPs, chemerin in saliva or the GCF samples was found in less-than-effective concentrations to exert bactericidal effect on its own [Table 2; Figure 2; (13, 14, 24)]. Since chemerin levels at oral infection sites are likely to be higher than in CGF wash outs, local chemerin may be present in sufficient quantities to control oral microbiota by itself.…”

“…An internal 20-amino acid peptide V 66 –P 85 embodies most of the antimicrobial activity of active chemerin, and is comparable in potency to other antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) (9). Chemerin was recently reported to be present in the oral cavity, and the levels of chemerin in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid were increased in patients suffering from periodontitis (13, 14). Since periodontitis is associated with an imbalance of oral microbiota (15, 16), these findings together suggest that chemerin might influence disease processes through controlling bacteria burden and/or composition in the oral cavity and by regulating immune cell infiltration.…”

Chemerin as a Novel Crevicular Fluid Marker of Patients With Periodontitis and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

“…Two studies 19 , 28 investigated human chemerin levels during periodontal inflammation. The first 19 examined salivary levels of chemerin during periodontal inflammation.…”

“…The first 19 examined salivary levels of chemerin during periodontal inflammation. The second 28 looked at volumes of human chemerin within the GCF and tear fluid of patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) with and without t2DM. The studies 19 , 28 indicated that human chemerin should be treated as a potential GCF and tear‐fluid marker of inflammatory activity in CP and DM.…”