Human Chondrocyte Viability After Treatment With Local Anesthetic and/or Magnesium: Results From an In Vitro Study

Articular cartilage and local anaesthetic: A systematic review of the current literature

“…They suggested that MgSO 4 could be used as an alternative intra-articular analgesia. Another study 34 conducted by the same authors looked at the effect of the addition of MgSO 4 to different LAs. They found that 0.5% bupivacaine, 0.5% levobupivacaine, 0.75% ropivacaine and 2% lidocaine all reduced cell viability.…”

Local Anesthetic Agents in Arthroscopy

“…Lignocaine combined with magnesium sulfate was less toxic than either ropivacaine, bupivacaine or levobupivacaine combined with magnesium suflate after an exposure time of only 15 minutes (Baker et al, 2011b). A useful finding for the practicing surgeon in the studies that have assessed human cells in in vitro settings is the recurrent finding that ropivacaine is less toxic than bupivacaine (Baker et al, 2011b, Baker et al, 2011d, Piper and Kim, 2008. If ropivacaine confers a less toxic effect, then as long as it provides equally efficacious analgesic control, then these studies support its use.…”

“…Both ropivacaine and bupivacaine conferred simlar toxic effects to the articular chondrocytes either in isolation or if they were used in combination with magnesium sulfate (Baker et al, 2011b, Baker et al, 2011d. Lignocaine combined with magnesium sulfate was less toxic than either ropivacaine, bupivacaine or levobupivacaine combined with magnesium suflate after an exposure time of only 15 minutes (Baker et al, 2011b). A useful finding for the practicing surgeon in the studies that have assessed human cells in in vitro settings is the recurrent finding that ropivacaine is less toxic than bupivacaine (Baker et al, 2011b, Baker et al, 2011d, Piper and Kim, 2008.…”

“…However, others failed to find a difference between these two agents using a simple monolayer culture model. Both ropivacaine and bupivacaine conferred simlar toxic effects to the articular chondrocytes either in isolation or if they were used in combination with magnesium sulfate (Baker et al, 2011b, Baker et al, 2011d. Lignocaine combined with magnesium sulfate was less toxic than either ropivacaine, bupivacaine or levobupivacaine combined with magnesium suflate after an exposure time of only 15 minutes (Baker et al, 2011b).…”

Perioperative pain management in hip arthroscopy; what options are there?

“…As to our knowledge no hip studies with magnesium are performed so far. Furthermore, an in vitro study performed by Baker et al [31] compared chondrocyte cell viability after injection of local anesthetic (bupivacaine, levobupivacaine, lidocaine or ropivacaine) with and without adding magnesium sulfate. The addition of magnesium resulted in higher levels of cell survival compared with the local anesthetic alone.…”