Human ectopic olfactory receptors and their food originated ligands: a review

Raka, Rifat Nowshin; Wu, Hua; Xiao, Junsong; Hossen, Imam; Cao, Yanping; Huang, Mingquan; Jin, Jian‐Ming

doi:10.1080/10408398.2021.1885007

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 164 publications

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“…Author details 1 Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China. 2 Shandong Freda Biotech Co., Ltd, Ji'nan 250101, Shandong, China. 3 • thorough peer review by experienced researchers in your field…”

Section: Supplementary Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Skin is the largest organ of the body as well as the first defensive line to protect the organism against external stimulation, while macrophages are immune cells that protect host homeostasis by phagocytosis, cytokine production, and antigen presentation [1,2]. However, skin inflammation presents in common apparent forms, such as erythema, edema, mossy skin, and scaly plaques.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In vitro and in silico analysis of ‘Taikong blue’ lavender essential oil in LPS-induced HaCaT cells and RAW264.7 murine macrophages

Wei

Liu²,

Raka

et al. 2022

BMC Complement Med Ther

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Background ‘Taikong blue’ lavender, a space-bred cultivar of Lavandula angustifolia, is one of the main lavender essential oil production crops in Xinjiang Province, China. Several cases of local usage indicated that ‘Taikong blue’ lavender essential oil (TLEO) had excellent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties for skin problems. However, to date, substantial data on these functions are lacking. In this study, we aimed to investigate the composition and bioactivities of TLEO and the potential underlying mechanisms through LPS-induced inflammatory models of HaCaT and RAW264.7 cells. Methods The composition of TLEO was determined by GC‒MS. To study the anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties of TLEO, we induced HaCaT and RAW264.7 cells by LPS. TLEO (0.001%-0.1%, v/v) was used to treat inflamed cells with dexamethasone (DEX, 10 μg/mL) as the standard drug. A variety of tests were carried out, including biochemical assays, ELISA, RT‒PCR, and western blotting. Docking of components was performed to predict potential ligands. Results The GC‒MS analysis revealed that 53 compounds (> 0.01%) represented 99.76% of the TLEO, and the majority of them were esters. TLEO not only reduced the levels of oxidative stress indicators (NO, ROS, MDA, and iNOS at the mRNA and protein levels) but also protected the SOD and CAT activities. According to the RT‒PCR, ELISA, and Western blot results, TLEO decreased inflammation by inhibiting the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and key proteins (IκBα, NF-кB p65, p50, JNK, and p38 MAPK) in MAPK-NF-кB signaling. Molecular docking results showed that all of the components (> 1% in TLEO) were potent candidate ligands for further research. Conclusion The theoretical evidence for TLEO in this study supported its use in skin care as a functional ingredient for cosmetics and pharmaceutics. Graphical Abstract

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Section: Supplementary Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro and in silico analysis of ‘Taikong blue’ lavender essential oil in LPS-induced HaCaT cells and RAW264.7 murine macrophages

Wei

Liu²,

Raka

et al. 2022

BMC Complement Med Ther

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“…Looking at immunity from this angle, it is not surprising that our immune system uses multiple types of chemosensory G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). For example, olfactory (odorant) receptors were originally identified due to their role in detection of smell by olfactory neurons [ 3 ] but have more recently been reported to also be expressed in immune cells such as macrophages [ 4 , 5 ]. These olfactory receptors can regulate macrophage polarization or other immune responses [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interkingdom Detection of Bacterial Quorum-Sensing Molecules by Mammalian Taste Receptors

Kouakou

Lee

2023

Microorganisms

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Bitter and sweet taste G protein-coupled receptors (known as T2Rs and T1Rs, respectively) were originally identified in type II taste cells on the tongue, where they signal perception of bitter and sweet tastes, respectively. Over the past ~15 years, taste receptors have been identified in cells all over the body, demonstrating a more general chemosensory role beyond taste. Bitter and sweet taste receptors regulate gut epithelial function, pancreatic β cell secretion, thyroid hormone secretion, adipocyte function, and many other processes. Emerging data from a variety of tissues suggest that taste receptors are also used by mammalian cells to “eavesdrop” on bacterial communications. These receptors are activated by several quorum-sensing molecules, including acyl-homoserine lactones and quinolones from Gram-negative bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, competence stimulating peptides from Streptococcus mutans, and D-amino acids from Staphylococcus aureus. Taste receptors are an arm of immune surveillance similar to Toll-like receptors and other pattern recognition receptors. Because they are activated by quorum-sensing molecules, taste receptors report information about microbial population density based on the chemical composition of the extracellular environment. This review summarizes current knowledge of bacterial activation of taste receptors and identifies important questions remaining in this field.

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“…OR genes account for approximately 50% of G protein-coupled receptor genes, which constitute the largest group in human membrane receptors ( Naressi et al, 2022 ). ORs are known to be distributed at many tissues, such as lung, heart, kidney, brain, prostate, airway, and testis ( Kang and Koo, 2012 ; Massberg and Hatt, 2018 ; Oh, 2018 ; Lee et al, 2019 ; Raka et al, 2021 ). ORs have a wide range of functions, and altered OR function is associated with various diseases such as cancer, myelogenous leukemia, and retinitis ( Raka et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ORs are known to be distributed at many tissues, such as lung, heart, kidney, brain, prostate, airway, and testis ( Kang and Koo, 2012 ; Massberg and Hatt, 2018 ; Oh, 2018 ; Lee et al, 2019 ; Raka et al, 2021 ). ORs have a wide range of functions, and altered OR function is associated with various diseases such as cancer, myelogenous leukemia, and retinitis ( Raka et al, 2021 ). Evolutionary analysis also supports the idea that ORs expressed in each tissue have distinctive functions in non-olfactory tissues ( De la Cruz et al, 2009 ), and they are considered promising candidates as therapeutic targets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct sets of olfactory receptors highly expressed in different human tissues evaluated by meta-transcriptome analysis: Association of OR10A6 in skin with keratinization

Nakanishi

Tsutsui

Itai

et al. 2023

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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Olfactory receptors (ORs) are expressed in many tissues and have multiple functions. However, most studies have focused on individual ORs. Here, we aimed to conduct a comprehensive meta-transcriptome analysis of OR gene expression in human tissues by using open-source tools to search a large, publicly available genotype-tissue expression (GTEx) data set. Analysis of RNA-seq data from GTEx revealed that OR expression patterns were tissue-dependent, and we identified distinct sets of ORs that were highly expressed in 12 tissues, involving 97 ORs in total. Among them, OR5P2, OR5P3 and OR10A6 were associated with skin. We further examined the roles of these ORs in skin by performing weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) and c3net analysis. WGCNA suggested that the three ORs are involved in epidermal differentiation and water-impermeable barrier homeostasis, and OR10A6 showed the largest gene sub-network in the c3net network. Immunocytochemical examination of human skin keratinocytes revealed a sparse expression pattern of OR10A6, suggesting that it is not uniformly distributed among all keratinocytes. An OR10A6 agonist, 3-phenylpropyl propionate (3PPP), transiently increased intracellular Ca2+ concentration and increased cornified envelope (CE) production in cultured keratinocytes. Knock-down of OR10A6 diminished the effect of 3PPP. Overall, integration of meta-transcriptome analysis and functional analysis uncovered distinct expression patterns of ORs in various human tissues, providing basic data for future studies of the biological functions of highly expressed ORs in individual tissues. Our results further suggest that expression of OR10A6 in skin is related to epidermal differentiation, and OR10A6 may be a potential target for modulation of keratinization.

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Human ectopic olfactory receptors and their food originated ligands: a review

Cited by 10 publications

References 164 publications

In vitro and in silico analysis of ‘Taikong blue’ lavender essential oil in LPS-induced HaCaT cells and RAW264.7 murine macrophages

In vitro and in silico analysis of ‘Taikong blue’ lavender essential oil in LPS-induced HaCaT cells and RAW264.7 murine macrophages

Interkingdom Detection of Bacterial Quorum-Sensing Molecules by Mammalian Taste Receptors

Distinct sets of olfactory receptors highly expressed in different human tissues evaluated by meta-transcriptome analysis: Association of OR10A6 in skin with keratinization

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