Human exposure to PCBs, PBDEs and HBCDs in Ghana: Temporal variation, sources of exposure and estimation of daily intakes by infants

Atmospheric polychlorinated biphenyls in Indian cities: Levels, emission sources and toxicity equivalents

“…E-waste recycling in the subtropical and tropical regions has reported several environmental and health impacts due to atmospheric emission of PCBs associated with the end of life cycle of electrical and electronic equipment in China (Wong et al, 2007) and Africa (Asante et al, 2011). Strict domestic laws and higher recycling and/or disposal costs has resulted in transportation of the e-waste from the developed nations to the developing countries including India.…”

“…It has even been hypothesized that there has been a shift in primary emission regions of PCBs on a global scale with high emission continuing in some sub-tropical and tropical regions implicated as recipients of wastes, paralleled by significant reductions in atmospheric burdens within former use regions . Furthermore due to the tropical climate in India, PCBs can readily enter the atmosphere from some sources such as volatilization from or incineration of PCB containing materials and products, vaporization from landfills, airewater/ soil exchange, vaporization from contaminated surfaces and sludge dewatering beds contaminated with PCBs (Totten et al, 2004;Biterna and Voutsa, 2005). Inhalation exposure is an important route and is of substantial concern for the urban environment.…”

Impact of Brominated POPs on the Neurodevelopment and Thyroid Hormones of Young Children in an Indoor Environment—A Review

“…Recently, HBCDs exposure has been raised to the level of a global issue of scientific concern due to their persistence and toxicity. The time trend of HBCDs does not show a significant increase or decrease, according to two studies (Asante et al, 2011;Tomes et al, 2012). Breast milk HBCD levels are positively correlated with the number of stereo and video electronics in a home, and are lower in women who regularly choose organic foods compared to those who do not, according to as series of tests performed on Boston mothers (Carignan et al, 2012).…”

“…Eggesbø et al (2011) argues that breast milk HBCDs are not related to cord blood TSH. Asante et al (2011) calculates that the ΣHBCDs daily intake for a breastfed infant through breastfeeding is 0.003 µg/kg b.w./day in Ghana. The daily HBCDs intake for Spanish breastfed infants has been assessed to be 175 ng/kg b.w./day (Eljarrat et al, 2009).…”

A review of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) pollution in indoor air environment

“…According to the present studies, the research on indoor air PCBs mainly focuses on the levels of PCBs in air samples, passive sampling comparison with active sampling, human exposure, potential sources of PCBs, spatial distribution, and the effects of home characteristics on PCBs (Asante et al, 2011;Heinzow et al, 2007;Heo and Lee 2014;Klees et al, 2015;Li et al, 2012;Lu et al, 2015;Lyng et al, 2015;Moussaoui et al, 2012;Tasdemir et al, 2012;Wang et al, 2013).…”