Human Exposure To Polyhalogenated Hydrocarbons and Incidence of Selected Malignancies

Bencko, Vladimír; Rameš, Jiří; Berg, Martin van den; Pleško, I; Trnovec, T.

doi:10.1007/1-4020-4845-9_4

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Controversies abound concerning the appropriate methods and useful data, great uncertainties involved in extrapolating beyond the range of available data, underlying biases and other limitations of observational data (26)(27)(28)(29), and political and societal implications of these analyses (3). Sceptics have argued that risk assessment, at least as it is currently practiced, has not been a useful tool for addressing societal concerns about exposures to environmental and occupational hazards (30).…”

Section: Risk Assessment Cessation Lag and Lingering Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological Data and Cancer Risk Assessment: Cessation Lag and Lingering Effect Concepts

Bencko¹,

Chen²

2014

Cent Eur J Public Health

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Cessation lag and lingering effect are two important aspects of risk assessment, and have potential applications to dose-response analysis in risk assessment. In addition to providing insight into biological mode of action, the concept of cessation lag is useful for economic benefit analy- sis. Concept of effect lingering can be used to analyze epidemiological data by uncovering the hidden biological implications related to disease endpoints, thereby advancing current efforts to characterize and reduce risk assessment uncertainties. Multicentre study design is proposed as a way to increase study size and to mitigate criticism of meta-analysis of independent studies. Individual studies from a multicentre study can be either pooled using original data, or combined by meta-analysis of summarized results. A multicentre study of large cohort or case-control study also offers an exciting opportunity to study the contribution of epigenetic events that may be associated with life-style and environmental risk factors for human health. Methods for optimizing exposure assessment and reducing exposure misclassification represent important but difficult components in epidemiological studies. Biomarkers present a potentially useful approach for improving exposure estimates.

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Section: Risk Assessment Cessation Lag and Lingering Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological Data and Cancer Risk Assessment: Cessation Lag and Lingering Effect Concepts

Bencko¹,

Chen²

2014

Cent Eur J Public Health

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“…Concept of effect lingering can be used to analyze epidemiological data by uncovering the hidden biological implications related to disease endpoints, thereby advancing current efforts to characterize and reduce risk assessment uncertainties. Controversies abound concerning the appropriate methods and useful data, great uncertainties involved in extrapolating beyond the range of available data, underlying biases and other limitations of observational data [26][27][28][29], and political and societal implications of these analyses [3]. Skeptics have argued that risk assessment, at least as it is currently practiced, has not been a useful tool for addressing societal concerns about exposures to environmental and occupational hazards [30].…”

Section: Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Epidemiological Data for Cancer Risk Assessment: Approaches, Concepts, and Issues

Bencko¹

2011

TOEPIJ

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Traditional approaches and study designs in cancer epidemiology have not been very successful identifying and evaluating potential risks and/or protective factors associated with disease. Failure is often due to small study sample size and inadequate exposure information. In this paper, we discuss issues and approaches relevant to these two challenges.Multicenter study design is proposed as a way to increase study size and to mitigate criticism of meta-analysis of independent studies. Individual studies from a multicenter study can be either pooled using original data, or combined by meta analysis of summarized results. A multicenter study of large cohort or case-control studies also offers an exciting opportunity to study the contribution of epigenetic events that may be associated with life-style and environmental risk factors for human health. Optimizing methods for exposure assessment and reduction of exposure misclassification represent difficult components in epidemiological studies. Biomarkers present a potentially useful approach for improving exposure estimates. An example is provided to demonstrate how biomarkers of exposures can provide valuable information in addition to traditional exposure measurements in epidemiological studies.Finally, it is argued that risk assessment and the precautionary principle should not be viewed as conflicting paradigms but, rather, as a complementary approach according to the data available. Together they may be used for developing appropriate policies to address risks posed by exposure to carcinogens and a wide spectrum of other health hazards.

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“…Due to the inconclusive and at times contradictory findings concerning the carcinogenicity of polyhalogenated hydrocarbons [1][2], this ecological study was conducted to analyze the incidence of selected malignancies in the exposed population by comparing data from the National Cancer Registry of the Slovak Republic database (established in 1975) for the Slovak Republic (~ 5 million inhabitants) and the Michalovce District (~ 112,000 inhabitants). Data were analyzed for the ten-year period 1987-1996 [5].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Human exposure to polyhalogenated hydrocarbons and incidence of selected malignancies – central European experience

Bencko¹,

Rameš²,

Ondrušová³

et al. 2009

neo

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This paper describes results of two ecological studies design to analyze the incidence of selected malignancies in two populations exposed to polychlorinated hydrocarbons, mostly PCBs and TCDDs/Fs by comparing data available in the National Cancer Registry of the Slovak Republic and National Oncological Registry of the Czech Republic databases for the Slovak Republic (approximately 5M inhabitants) and the Czech Republic (10,3 M inhabitants) to the data relevant for the population of Michalovce District, the Slovak Republic (approximately 112,000 inhabitants) and Uherske Hradiste, the Czech Republic (146,000 inhabitants). Those districts are recognized as PCB-contaminated areas due to production and industrial use of PCBs. Data were analyzed for the 10-year period 1987-1996. The age adjusted world standard ratio (WSR) incidence of thyroid, pancreatic, breast, ovarian, bladder, and brain tumors in females and thyroid, pancreatic, breast, bladder, brain, prostate and testicular tumors in males were compared. Neither PCBs nor TCDDs/Fs appear to contribute to the observed significantly lower incidence of breast and prostate cancer in the Michalovce District and lower bladder cancer incidence in Uherske Hradiste District. However, anti-estrogenic and anti-androgenic properties have been described for hydroxylated and methylsulfonyl PCB metabolites. These properties could contribute to a mechanism through which these metabolites might modulate the development of breast, prostate and bladder cancer. The results of our analysis points to substantial potential problems of risk assessment for cancer incidence in populations exposed to xenobiotics, or more generally, as it relates to a wide spectrum of confoundings of cancer risk factors.

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Human Exposure To Polyhalogenated Hydrocarbons and Incidence of Selected Malignancies

Cited by 3 publications

References 12 publications

Epidemiological Data and Cancer Risk Assessment: Cessation Lag and Lingering Effect Concepts

Epidemiological Data and Cancer Risk Assessment: Cessation Lag and Lingering Effect Concepts

Use of Epidemiological Data for Cancer Risk Assessment: Approaches, Concepts, and Issues

Human exposure to polyhalogenated hydrocarbons and incidence of selected malignancies – central European experience

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Human Exposure To Polyhalogenated Hydrocarbons and Incidence of Selected Malignancies

Cited by 3 publications

References 12 publications

Epidemiological Data and Cancer Risk Assessment: Cessation Lag and Lingering Effect Concepts

Epidemiological Data and Cancer Risk Assessment: Cessation Lag and Lingering Effect Concepts

Use of Epidemiological Data for Cancer Risk Assessment: Approaches, Concepts, and Issues

Human exposure to polyhalogenated hydrocarbons and incidence of selected malignancies – central European experience

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Resources

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Human exposure to polyhalogenated hydrocarbons and incidence of selected malignancies – central European experience