Human follicular dendritic cells: function, origin and development

Nierop, Kirsten van; Groot, Cornelis de

doi:10.1016/s1044-5323(02)00057-x

Cited by 133 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…In humans, the stromal origin of FDC is supported by the following data: (i) FDC share several markers with fibroblasts; (ii) FDC-containing ectopic lymphoid follicles are found in autoimmune, infectious or malignant disorders, consistent with the ubiquitous presence of stromal precursors of FDC; and (iii) some fibroblastic cell lines exert typical FDC-like functions [54]. Preliminary results from our group (Corcione et al, unpublished results) suggest that MSC exert an antiapoptotic effect on tonsil germinal center B cells similar to the one mediated by FDC.…”

Section: Msc and B Cellsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Immunoregulatory function of mesenchymal stem cells

2006

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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are a rare subset of stem cells residing in the bone marrow where they closely interact with hematopoietic stem cells and support their growth and differentiation. MSC can differentiate into multiple mesenchymal and non‐mesenchymal lineages, providing a promising tool for tissue repair. In addition, MSC suppress many T cell, B cell and NK cell functions and may affect also dendritic cell activities. Due to their limited immunogenicity, MSC are poorly recognized by HLA‐incompatible hosts. Based on these unique properties, MSC are currently under investigation for their possible use to treat immuno‐mediated diseases. However, both their condition of immunoprivilege and their immunosuppressive function have recently been challenged when analyzed under particular experimental conditions. Thus, it is likely that MSC effects on the immune system may be deeply influenced not only by cell‐to‐cell interactions, but also by environmental factors shaping their phenotype and functions.

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Section: Msc and B Cellsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Immunoregulatory function of mesenchymal stem cells

2006

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“…1C). Some FDCs (10 -20%) were not clustered with B cells, but can be identified by their abundant cytoplasm and frequent double nuclei (16) (Fig. 1D).…”

Section: Il-15 Was Produced By Fdc But Not By B Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because the GC is formed by cellular interactions between B cells, T cells, and FDCs (3) Because TNF-␣ has been reported to be an essential GC-B cell factor for FDCs in network formation in vivo (16,57,58), we examined the effect of TNF-␣. The increase in surface IL-15 induced by TNF-␣ was remarkable (MFI: 438).…”

Section: The Amount Of Il-15 On the Fdc/hk Surface Is Increased By Comentioning

confidence: 99%

Follicular Dendritic Cells Produce IL-15 That Enhances Germinal Center B Cell Proliferation in Membrane-Bound Form

Park

Yoon

Armitage

et al. 2004

The Journal of Immunology

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Factors that control the survival and proliferation of Ag-stimulated B cells within the germinal center (GC) are crucial for humoral immune responses with high affinity Abs against infectious agents. The follicular dendritic cell (FDC) is known as a key cellular component of the GC microenvironment for GC-B cell survival and proliferation. In this study, we report that IL-15 is produced by human FDC in vivo and by an FDC cell line, FDC/HK cells, in vitro. IL-15 is captured by IL-15Rα on the surface of FDC/HK cells. The surface IL-15 is functionally active and augments GC-B cell proliferation. Because GC-B cells have the signal-transducing components (IL-2/15Rβγ), but not a receptor for binding of soluble IL-15 (IL-15Rα), IL-15 signaling is possibly transduced by transpresentation from FDCs to GC-B cells via cell-cell contact. Together, these results suggest that IL-15 from FDC, in membrane-bound form, plays an important role in supporting GC-B cell proliferation, proposing a new target for immune modulation as well as treatment of B cell tumors of GC origin.

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“…To overcome these problems, FDC lines have been established, however, as these cells are maintained over several weeks in culture, their phenotype no longer reflects the in vivo situation [8][9][10][11][12][13]. A number of different approaches for the enrichment and gene expression analysis of FDC have been shown to be more representative of the in vivo situation [6,8,11].From a number of experiments, it is apparent that FDC are a highly specialized subset of reticular cells [14][15][16][17][18]. Using BP3, an ectoenzyme of the NAD glycohydrolase family, as a marker antigen for the splenic reticular network of stromal cells, one can distinguish the reticulum cells in the B-cell area from those in the T-cell zone.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From a number of experiments, it is apparent that FDC are a highly specialized subset of reticular cells [14][15][16][17][18]. Using BP3, an ectoenzyme of the NAD glycohydrolase family, as a marker antigen for the splenic reticular network of stromal cells, one can distinguish the reticulum cells in the B-cell area from those in the T-cell zone.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

In silico subtraction approach reveals a close lineage relationship between follicular dendritic cells and BP3^hi stromal cells isolated from SCID mice

et al. 2010

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Organization of the stromal compartments in secondary lymphoid tissue is a prerequisite for an efficient immune reaction. In particular, follicular dendritic cells (FDC) are pivotal for the activation and differentiation of B cells. To investigate the development of FDC, FDC together with tightly associated B cells (FDC networks) were micro-dissected from frozen tissue sections and follicular B cells were sorted by FACS. Using an in silico subtraction approach, gene expression of FDC was determined and compared with that of follicular stromal cells microdissected from the spleen of SCID mice. Nearly 90% of the FDC genes were expressed in follicular stromal cells of the SCID mouse, providing further evidence that FDC develop from the residual network of reticular cells. Thus, it suggests that rather minor modifications in the gene expression profile are sufficient for differentiation into mature FDC. The analysis of different immune-deficient mouse strains shows that a complex pattern of gene regulation controls the development of residual stromal cells into mature FDC. The in silico subtraction approach provides a molecular framework within which to determine the diverse roles of FDC in support of B cells and to investigate the differentiation of FDC from their mesenchymal precursor cells. [1][2][3][4]. The network of FDC is a micro-environment required for the survival of follicular B cells and is also a prerequisite for an efficient GC reaction. At the early stage of GC development FDC support B-cell proliferation, whereas at the later stages FDC have an important function in the selection and differentiation of high affinity B cells to memory and plasma cells [1,5].Although FDC are crucial for B-cell development, our knowledge of FDC transcriptional activity remains marginal. FDC are fragile cells and are tightly associated with B cells -properties that have thus far hampered the isolation of pure FDC populations [6][7]. To overcome these problems, FDC lines have been established, however, as these cells are maintained over several weeks in culture, their phenotype no longer reflects the in vivo situation [8][9][10][11][12][13]. A number of different approaches for the enrichment and gene expression analysis of FDC have been shown to be more representative of the in vivo situation [6,8,11].From a number of experiments, it is apparent that FDC are a highly specialized subset of reticular cells [14][15][16][17][18]. Using BP3, an ectoenzyme of the NAD glycohydrolase family, as a marker antigen for the splenic reticular network of stromal cells, one can distinguish the reticulum cells in the B-cell area from those in the T-cell zone. High expression of BP3 defines the follicle, the area to which B cells To identify molecular markers defining a developmental relationship between mature FDC and the BP3 hi reticular cells of SCID mice, gene expression profiles were determined. Using an in silico subtraction approach, we were able to identify a novel set of genes that showed specific expression in FDC. When gene ex...

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Human follicular dendritic cells: function, origin and development

Cited by 133 publications

References 57 publications

Immunoregulatory function of mesenchymal stem cells

Immunoregulatory function of mesenchymal stem cells

Follicular Dendritic Cells Produce IL-15 That Enhances Germinal Center B Cell Proliferation in Membrane-Bound Form

In silico subtraction approach reveals a close lineage relationship between follicular dendritic cells and BP3^hi stromal cells isolated from SCID mice

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Human follicular dendritic cells: function, origin and development

Cited by 133 publications

References 57 publications

Immunoregulatory function of mesenchymal stem cells

Immunoregulatory function of mesenchymal stem cells

Follicular Dendritic Cells Produce IL-15 That Enhances Germinal Center B Cell Proliferation in Membrane-Bound Form

In silico subtraction approach reveals a close lineage relationship between follicular dendritic cells and BP3hi stromal cells isolated from SCID mice

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In silico subtraction approach reveals a close lineage relationship between follicular dendritic cells and BP3^hi stromal cells isolated from SCID mice