Human herpes virus type-6 is associated with central nervous system infections in children in Sudan

Abdelrahim, Nada Abdelghani; Mohamed, Nik Abdullah Nik; Evander, Magnus; Ahlm, Clas; Fadl-Elmula, Imad

doi:10.4102/ajlm.v11i1.1718

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…This patient was co-infected with HHV-6. [ 20 ] The second case was 14 years old and was admitted after 1 day of symptoms onset. He presented with only fever and headache.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The overall clinical, nucleic acids and conventional microbial findings are illustrated in Figure 1 which describes findings from this study alongside findings reported in our other publications. [17,20,21]…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… * Total number of suspected febrile patients who attended the hospital during the study period and were subjected to lumber puncture. † This number is the sum of 17 cases with positive microbial origin -but with normal cellular count-along with 23 cases with CSF pleocytosis with or without positive microbial etiology (this is the overall project findings described in 4 articles -including this one [ 20 , 21 , 22 ] ). ‡ This information is presented in detail in our previous publication.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… ‡ This information is presented in detail in our previous publication. [ 20 ] § This number is the sum of 18 cases with level-1 of diagnostic certainty for aseptic meningitis along with 16 cases with laboratory evidence of non-cultivable microbial etiology (further information is presented in our previous publications. [ 21 , 22 ] ‖ Four cases with confirmed HSV-1 and HEV DNA/RNA and 12 cases with other confirmed viral nucleic acids (this information is presented in our previous publication.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… † This number is the sum of 17 cases with positive microbial origin -but with normal cellular count-along with 23 cases with CSF pleocytosis with or without positive microbial etiology (this is the overall project findings described in 4 articles -including this one [ 20 , 21 , 22 ] ). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Viral meningitis in Sudanese children: Differentiation, etiology and review of literature

et al. 2022

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Diagnosis of viral meningitis (VM) is uncommon practice in Sudan and there is no local viral etiological map. We therefore intended to differentiate VM using standardized clinical codes and determine the involvement of herpes simplex virus types-1 and 2 (HSV-1/2), varicella zoster virus, non-polio human enteroviruses (HEVs), and human parechoviruses in meningeal infections in children in Sudan. This is a cross-sectional hospital-based study. Viral meningitis was differentiated in 503 suspected febrile attendee of Omdurman Hospital for Children following the criteria listed in the Clinical Case Definition for Aseptic/Viral Meningitis. Patients were children age 0 to 15 years. Viral nucleic acids (DNA/RNA) were extracted from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens using QIAamp® UltraSens Virus Technology. Complementary DNA was prepared from viral RNA using GoScriptTM Reverse Transcription System. Viral nucleic acids were amplified and detected using quantitative TaqMan® Real-Time and conventional polymerase chain reactions (PCRs). Hospital diagnosis of VM was assigned to 0%, when clinical codes were applied; we considered 3.2% as having VM among the total study population and as 40% among those with proven infectious meningitis. Two (0.4%) out of total 503 CSF specimens were positive for HSV-1; Ct values were 37.05 and 39.10 and virus copies were 652/PCR run (261 × 103/mL CSF) and 123/PCR run (49.3 × 103/mL CSF), respectively. Other 2 (0.4%) CSF specimens were positive for non-polio HEVs; Ct values were 37.70 and 38.30, and the approximate virus copies were 5E2/PCR run (~2E5/mL CSF) and 2E2/PCR run (~8E4/mL CSF), respectively. No genetic materials were detected for HSV-2, varicella zoster virus, and human parechoviruses. The diagnosis of VM was never assigned by the hospital despite fulfilling the clinical case definition. Virus detection rate was 10% among cases with proven infectious meningitis. Detected viruses were HSV-1 and non-polio HEVs. Positive virus PCRs in CSFs with normal cellular counts were seen.

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“…This patient was co-infected with HHV-6. [ 20 ] The second case was 14 years old and was admitted after 1 day of symptoms onset. He presented with only fever and headache.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Viral meningitis in Sudanese children: Differentiation, etiology and review of literature

et al. 2022

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Metabolic response to CNS infection with flaviviruses

Dobrzyńska,

Moniuszko-Malinowska,

Skrzydlewska

2023

J Neuroinflammation

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Flaviviruses are arthropod-borne RNA viruses found worldwide that, when introduced into the human body, cause diseases, including neuroinfections, that can lead to serious metabolic consequences and even death. Some of the diseases caused by flaviviruses occur continuously in certain regions, while others occur intermittently or sporadically, causing epidemics. Some of the most common flaviviruses are West Nile virus, dengue virus, tick-borne encephalitis virus, Zika virus and Japanese encephalitis virus. Since all the above-mentioned viruses are capable of penetrating the blood–brain barrier through different mechanisms, their actions also affect the central nervous system (CNS). Like other viruses, flaviviruses, after entering the human body, contribute to redox imbalance and, consequently, to oxidative stress, which promotes inflammation in skin cells, in the blood and in CNS. This review focuses on discussing the effects of oxidative stress and inflammation resulting from pathogen invasion on the metabolic antiviral response of the host, and the ability of viruses to evade the consequences of metabolic changes or exploit them for increased replication and further progression of infection, which affects the development of sequelae and difficulties in therapy.

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Human herpesvirus 6 as the underestimated causative agent of seizure disorders in febrile children

Bugaj,

Mania,

Lubarski

et al. 2024

Aktualn Neurol

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Introduction and objective: The aim of the study was to analyse the clinical symptoms and laboratory abnormalities of seizure disorders in febrile children infected with pathogens from the Herpesviridae family – human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV). Materials and methods: A total of 75 children were included in the study, including 64 patients after a febrile seizure and 11 patients after an epileptic seizure triggered by infection. The control group consisted of 36 children with developmental delay. Routine inflammatory markers were analysed including C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and white blood count (WBC). Pathogens were detected using standard diagnostic methods. Results: Compared to control group, median CRP and PCT were significantly higher in children with all types of febrile seizures, and ESR was significantly higher in children with simple and complex seizures. Most children with WBC below and above the normal range were children with simple febrile seizures plus and those with complex seizures, respectively. HHV-6 was detected in 33% of children. HCMV was found in 5%, and EBV in 4% of children. There was no significant correlation between children with and without primary HHV-6 infection regarding age, gender, febrile seizures type and first-time seizures, nor significant differences in inflammatory markers except for WBC. The difference between the number of children with three-day fever and those without rash was borderline significant (p = 0.06); children with primary HHV-6 infection without rash had more frequent first-time seizures (p = 0.04). Conclusions: The clinical course of seizure disorders and the intensity of the inflammatory reaction in children were mild. HHV-6 was the most common causative agent of fever and seizure disorders.

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Human herpes virus type-6 is associated with central nervous system infections in children in Sudan

Cited by 4 publications

References 32 publications

Viral meningitis in Sudanese children: Differentiation, etiology and review of literature

Viral meningitis in Sudanese children: Differentiation, etiology and review of literature

Metabolic response to CNS infection with flaviviruses

Human herpesvirus 6 as the underestimated causative agent of seizure disorders in febrile children

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