Human IgE, IgG4 and resistance to reinfection with Schistosoma haematobium

Hagan, Paul; Blumenthal, U. J.; Dunn, David; Simpson, Andrew J.G.; Wilkins, H.A.

doi:10.1038/349243a0

Cited by 613 publications

(498 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…One aspect which would need to be pursued is the whole question of immunity. Information is now accumulating on the determinants of immunity under different situations (Hagan et al 1991), and it is likely that differences in the immunity to infection in different areas could partly account for differences in observed aggregation. For example in Burundi, Cohoha Lake exhibited a much higher degree of parasite aggregation than the Rusizi Plain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aggregation in schistosomiasis: comparison of the relationships between prevalence and intensity in different endemic areas

et al. 1994

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SUMMARYDistributions of the intensities of helminth infections within their host populations are invariably aggregated. In the case of the intestinal nematodes, the degrees of aggregation have been shown to be species specific, and constant for any given species despite geographical variation in study sites. This species-specific aggregation can be quantified and used as a tool in planning control interventions. One practical application is that the prevalence of infection can be used to predict the prevalence of heavy infection and thus the risks of morbidity. This paper investigates the patterns of aggregation in schistosome egg counts in different endemic areas in Africa (data sets were obtained from Burundi, Cameroon, Tanzania, Zambia and Zaire). The analysis demonstrates that the degree of parasite aggregation, for both Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium, differs amongst the different study localities. This is probably due to area-specific differences in host exposure and immunity. This implies that for these schistosome species, it is not possible to predict egg count distributions or morbidity levels from prevalence data alone.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aggregation in schistosomiasis: comparison of the relationships between prevalence and intensity in different endemic areas

et al. 1994

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“…[6][7][8][9][10] Parallel results have also been obtained in a S. haematobium-infected population. 11,12 We previously found in a Malian population that one polymorphism in the IL13 gene, rs1800925(C/T) (also called IL13-1055C/T or IL13-1112C/T), was associated with susceptibility to S. haematobium infection. 12 This result was confirmed in an independent study performed in Kenya.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of rs7719175, located in the IL13 gene promoter, with Schistosoma haematobium infection levels and identification of a susceptibility haplotype

et al. 2010

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Urinary schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease caused by Schistosoma haematobium helminths. S. haematobium eggs may remain trapped within the bladder or the ureter walls, causing major pathological disorders in the urogenital system. The polymorphism rs1800925(C/T) of the IL13 gene promoter, which is functional, has previously been associated with susceptibility to S. haematobium infection. The aim of this study was to further our understanding and to determine whether, in the 5q31-q33 region, rs1800925 affects infection levels alone or in synergy with other polymorphisms. After sequencing the IL13 promoter and increasing the single-nucleotide polymorphism density, we performed a linkage disequilibrium analysis between rs1800925 and the other markers in a Malian population. Multivariate linear regression analysis and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) were performed to characterized markers in linkage disequilibrium with rs1800925. An additional polymorphism, rs7719175, in the IL13 promoter was associated with controlling infection levels in multivariate analysis. The haplotype rs7719175T-rs1800925C was associated with high infection levels. EMSA indicated that rs7719175 affects the binding of transcriptional factors to the promoter region. Polymorphisms rs7719175 and rs1800925 have a synergistic role in the control of infection levels caused by S. haematobium and using them as a haplotype allows a better discrimination between infected subjects.

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“…Repeating treatment after 3-6 weeks could help deal with the problem, but it is not an approach that has (so far) been feasible for mass deworming campaigns. A related concern is that treatment with praziquantel might lead to susceptibility to re-infection (Hagen et al, 1991), although there is some evidence that praziquantel may actually trigger a degree of immunity (Vereecken et al, 2007). Dunne et al (1992), Satti et al (1996) and Karanja et al (2002) have suggested that immunity to infection from S. mansoni can develop in some groups as a result of high antibody levels immediately following treatment (i.e.…”

Section: Deeper Deworming Doubtsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deworming Delusions? Mass Drug Administration in East African Schools

Allen

Parker

2016

J. Biosoc. Sci.

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Summary. Recent debates about deworming school-aged children in East Africa have been described as the 'Worm Wars'. The stakes are high. Deworming has become one of the top priorities in the fight against infectious diseases. Staff at the World Health Organization, the Gates Foundation and the World Bank (among other institutions) have endorsed the approach, and school-based treatments are a key component of large-scale mass drug administration programmes. Drawing on field research in Uganda and Tanzania, and engaging with both biological and social evidence, this article shows that assertions about the effects of school-based deworming are over-optimistic. The results of a much-cited study on deworming Kenyan school children, which has been used to promote the intervention, are flawed, and a systematic review of randomized controlled trials demonstrates that deworming is unlikely to improve overall public health. Also, confusions arise by applying the term deworming to a variety of very different helminth infections and to different treatment regimes, while local-level research in schools reveals that drug coverage usually falls below target levels. In most places where data exist, infection levels remain disappointingly high. Without indefinite free deworming, any declines in endemicity are likely to be reversed. Moreover, there are social problems arising from mass drug administration that have generally been ignored. Notably, there are serious ethical and practical issues arising from the widespread practice of giving tablets to children without actively consulting parents. There is no doubt that curative therapy for children infected with debilitating parasitic infections is appropriate, but overly positive evaluations of indiscriminate deworming are counter-productive.

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Human IgE, IgG4 and resistance to reinfection with Schistosoma haematobium

Cited by 613 publications

References 23 publications

Aggregation in schistosomiasis: comparison of the relationships between prevalence and intensity in different endemic areas

Aggregation in schistosomiasis: comparison of the relationships between prevalence and intensity in different endemic areas

Association of rs7719175, located in the IL13 gene promoter, with Schistosoma haematobium infection levels and identification of a susceptibility haplotype

Deworming Delusions? Mass Drug Administration in East African Schools

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