Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and cytomegalovirus in saliva

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether HIV-1 or cytomegalovirus (CMV) may contribute to oral lesions frequently found in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Saliva samples from 63 HIV-1 positive patients and 21 healthy controls were tested for the presence of HIV-1 and CMV using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and virus isolation. CMV IgG titres in serum were also compared in the different groups. HIV-1 RNA, but not DNA, was detected in saliva from 15% (9 out of 59) of the HIV-infected patients. There was no correlation between the presence of HIV-1 RNA and oral symptoms in the patients. CMV DNA was detected significantly more frequently in samples from HIV-1 seropositive than from seronegative patients. CMV was detected in saliva from AIDS patients more often than in saliva from patients with mild or no symptoms. CMV IgG titres were also significantly higher in symptomatic than in asymptomatic patients. There was a significant correlation between the presence of CMV DNA and necrotizing gingivitis, and oral Kaposi's sarcoma in the patients, and also between these lesions and the stage of disease. This does not prove that CMV causes these oral lesions, but a direct or indirect role for CMV cannot be excluded.

Shedding of Cytomegalovirus and Herpesviruses 6, 7, and 8 in Saliva of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1–Infected Patients and Healthy Controls

“…It is well known that CMV-associated lower frequency of HHV-8 DNA found in our study (5 [11%] of 44 patients) may be related to less-severe immunodeficiency diseases occur most frequently in patients with peripheralblood CD4 / cell counts of õ0.1 1 10 9 /L. It has been suggested and to the possibility that Kaposi's sarcoma is less frequent among HIV-1-infected homosexual men in Sweden [2] than in that the presence of CMV could be related to the oral ulcerations [10] seen in patients with AIDS. Such a relationship some other countries.…”

“…HHV-8 DNA. HHV-8 DNA was detected in patients in CDC K, was performed as described previously [2]. This method results in a 1:2 dilution of saliva.…”

“…1-related immunodeficiency. By use of PCR, HHV-8 DNA was recently identified in saliva from 25 (33%) of 76 HIV-infected As previously shown [2], the frequency of CMV secretion in saliva correlated positively with the development of AIDS patients [7]. However, the demographics of the patients and the stages of their HIV infections were not presented.…”

Natural Killer Cells Regulate Murine Cytomegalovirus-Induced Sialadenitis and Salivary Gland Disease

“…The specialized secretory machinery of glandular epithelial cells is utilized by the virus for highly efficient virion production and excretion in saliva for long periods of time (13,17,27). While CMV infection can cause morbidity and mortality in neonates and immunocompromised individuals, infection of immunocompetent individuals is largely asymptomatic (40).…”

Detection of Pneumocystis carinii, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Cytomegalovirus in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-infected Patients with Hemophilia by Polymerase Chain Reaction of Induced Sputum Samples.

“…In this study, no definite CMVdiseases were observed, although CMVDNA was detected 8 times in 4 patients repeatedly. The PCRtechnique for detection of CMVDNA,although it assures high sensitivity, risks the possibility of detection of latent CMV infection, thereby leading to false-positive results (19). It has been demonstrated that CMVDNAcould be detected with PCR during the initial stage of acute infection and before the onset of symptomsor identification of the infection by standard methods (7).…”